B5

In Good Shape

• Which type of tissue covers the head of a long bone?                    
•  What name is given to the process of replacing cartilage with bone?
•  The biceps and triceps are antagonistic muscles. Explain why.
• The bending of an arm is an example of a lever. Explain why.

Breathe of Life

• What happens to the intercostals muscles when you breathe in?
• Fish gills are adapted for efficient gas exchange. Describe an adaptation
• Asbestos is no longer used to insulate buildings. Explain why.
• Describe what happens to mucus production during an asthma attack.

In Good Shape

• Cartilage
•  Ossification
•  As one muscle contracts the other relaxes,, they pull the arm in opposite directions.
• The elbow acts as a pivot and although the muscle contracts a short distance, the hand moves much further.

Breathe of Life

• They contract
• Large surface Area, rich blood supply.
• It caused asbestosis.
• More mucus is produced forming a plug

The Vital Pump

• Where does the pulmonary artery take the blood to?
•  Describe the cardiac cycle of the human heart.
•  What is the job of an artificial pacemaker?
• What is the job of the SAN pacemaker?

Running Repairs

• Describe one way to solve the problem of damaged heart valves.
• Describe the effects of alcohol on blood pressure.
• Suggest one reason why donor cards should be made compulsory.
• Someone with blood group O cannot receive group A blood. Explain why.

The Vital Pump

• Lungs
•  Heart relaxes, blood enters the atrium, atria contract, pushing blood into the ventricles which contract pushing the blood into the arteries.
• To send electrical impulses to the heart and regulate the heartbeat.
• To send impulses across the atria causing them to contract.

Running Repairs

• The valves can be replaced by artificial valves or valves from a donor.
• Lowers blood pressure.
• So more organs are available for transplants, solve the shortage of suitable organs
• antibodies in plasma of group O cause the donated antigen A to agglutinate.

Waste Disposal

• Which organ in the body makes urea?
• Re-absorption of glucose uses active transport.  Suggest a reason why.
• Sweating cools down the body. Explain why.
• Describe the processes involved in producing more dilute urine.

Life Goes on

• Describe what happens to the uterus on day one of the menstrual cycle.
• What is the role of LH in the menstrual cycle?
• During amniocentesis loose cells are taken. Suggest why.
• Describe one argument against IVF treatment.

Waste Disposal

• Liver
• Because glucose is reabsorbed against the concentration gradient.
• Water in sweat uses the heat energy to evaporate.
• Low concentration of blood sensed by receptors in the hypothalamus, pituitary gland stops producing ADH, less water reabsorbed by the kidney tubule.

Life Goes on

• The lining is shed
• Controls the release of the egg.
• So they can be tested for certain birth defects.
• IVF does not have a very high success rate, multiple births are a problem.

New for Old

• Explain why mechanical replacements must be inert.
• Organ transplants are now more successful. Suggest why.
• Write down one reason for the lond transplant waiting list.
• Explain why immuno-suppressive drugs are needed after a transplant

Size Matters

• What is the noraml weight range for a boy aged 16 weeks?
• Regular excerise can help with better growth. Explain why.
• Suggest one reason why we expect to live longer than out ancestors.
• What affect does IGF-1 have on the body?

New For Old

• So the body does not react to them
• Advances and experience in new medical techniques.
• Difficulty in finding tissues or blood that matches or that there is a shortage of donors.
• Prevent the immune system rejecting transplant as foreign tissue

Size Matters

• 5.4 kg - 8.4 kg.
• Makes the body release more growth hormones.
• Modern treatments and cures for many diseases. etc.
• Triggers an increased production of cartilage causing an increase in length of long bones in the arms and legs.