AS Geography case studies
- Created by: Dyldog
- Created on: 17-05-16 16:06
Sustainable tourism- El Pbutano
4 Full time workers
16 guests at one time
300ha, manageable enviroment
Bamboo sourced localls- fast growing, reinvests into local economy
48,000 UAD anually, 50% goes to local communities
Rubbish taken away by guests of of the site
Sustainable tourism- Antartica
Commision for the conservation of Antartic marine life- protects Antartics marine life
Onshore visits have been limited
Visitors have to keep a minimum of 10 meters from animals
All rubbish taken back to the ships
Ships have to provide equptment to clean up and potential oil spills
opportunities created by tourism- Norway
7th largest producer of oil
3rd largest exploiter of oil
100,000 USD GDP Per capita
HDI of 0.944
99% Hydro electric power
Piper under the pavement heated t 36'c to melt snow
150 billion USD in oil revenues anually
life expectancy of 81 years
11th best health care in the world
oil profits are taxed at 78%
The impacts of tourism- Kenya
Positives
- Tourism contributed 15% to the GDP
- 23 national parks, withpaid entry to maintain them
- 700,000 visits anually
- 11% of paid employment
Negatives
- soil erosion from 4x4 use
- only 15% of money goes to kenyan locals
- 5 species of turtle are endagered due to water pollution
- Foreign companies use their own skilled workers, so locals do low paid jobs
- Often increases house prices in the areas of the hotels
- 90% of tourists visit south east
- Unreliable jobs- dropped by 2/3 in 1997
Impacts of tourism- St. Kitts and Nevis
Population of just 48,000
280,000 toursits anually
Tourism is now the leading economic sector after the last sugar plantation closed in 2005
40% stay over night, and 60% visit for the day
Marriot hotel chain opened in 2002
98% of population is now educated
GDP per capita 12,000 USD
60% roads now tarmacked
Brimstone hill fortress, is a national heratige site.
Socio-econoic problems with urban areas- East Leed
55% people do not own a car
41% council housing
43% people not economically active
38% people without central heating
45% people have no education
12% people say they are in poor health
Characteristics of urban areas- Sunderland
The CBD is located in South Bank
The high density low quality housing is found in the inner city zone
Low quality housing used to home ship builders and coal workers
Secotral growth led to increased infrastructure such as roads
Downhill, is an area of slum housing
Environmental issues with urban change- Santiago d
Mapucho river used by industry to dump zinc and iron waste
71% of sewege is treated, the rest is dumped into the river
3rd most poluted city in south America
less than 15% of waste is recycled
13.4 million hectacres of forest used anually
42% of Chiles cars are in Santiago
21% increase in car sales
4.3 million bus trips per day
Transantiago
45km metro expansion
1,000 new, less pollutant busses
62km of new road
Land use in urban areas- Buenos Aires
Mega city
Direct access to the atlantic ocean (good for trade) flat land
Subway system does not extend into the suburbs
Plaza De Mayo, is the origional nucleus (cathederal, Presidential palace)
Economic status decline from the north to the south
Became independant from Spain in 1816
waste management- London
Avarage use of 150 litres of water per day
Avarage person produces 22 metric tonnes of household waste per year
Air pollution linked to 1/12 deaths
Management
- Incinerators on outskirts of the city
- Barges on the river Themes
- 109miles squared of landfill
- southwark recycling facility- Biomass compost machenes, compost then sold.
Tourism and economic development- UK
41,000 USD GDP
HDI 0.9
London is the main attraction with 16 million tourists anually
Controveral plans to expand Heathrow airport
66 million visits abroad in 2005- France and Spain spending a total of 32 billion
30 million tourists visited the UK in 2005 spending 14 billion
2 million jobs in the tourist industry
2nd largest economic sector in London
29% of jobs in Cornwall relate to tourism
China- A new tourist destination
Reasons Chinas toursim has increased
- Rise in disposable incomes
- Longer holidays
- more 'Aproved destination status' to counteries such as UK
31 million Chineese travelled abroad
Estimated number to reach 100 million by 2020
Inbound tourism
- Terra Cotta warriors in Xian
- Great wall
- Yangtze river
72 million emplyed in wider tourism industry
22 million inbound tourists in 2005
Issues with energy exploitation- Three Gorges Dam
Issues
- Water risen by 25 meters
- 400 million live in the basin
- 1,200 villages flooded
- 47 fish species at risk
- 30,000 HA of farmland lost
- 14 million had to be relocated
- sediment carried by river has fallen by 50%
- 25 billion to build
Positives
- create 65 billion in revenue
- produce 18,000 MW of electricity
- contol flooding
- Provide 10% of Chinas electricity sustainably
- 1 million still not been relocated
Issues with energy exploitation- Three Gorges Dam
Issues
- Water risen by 25 meters
- 400 million live in the basin
- 1,200 villages flooded
- 47 fish species at risk
- 30,000 HA of farmland lost
- 14 million had to be relocated
- sediment carried by river has fallen by 50%
- 25 billion to build
Positives
- create 65 billion in revenue
- produce 18,000 MW of electricity
- contol flooding
- Provide 10% of Chinas electricity sustainably
- 1 million still not been relocated
Issues with energy exploitation- Exxon Valdiz oil
1989 Prince william sound Alaska
11 million gallons of oil spilled
less than 15% cleaned up
100 mile squared of oil spilled
250,000 birds dead
1,000 sea otters dead
2 billion clean up
Recreation, fishing and tourist industries were damaged.
contrasting energy mixes - Mali vs Sweden
Mali
- 65% of Mali uses firewood- 50 million tonnes of frest per year
- 21% petroleum
- 2% coal
- 12% have access to electricity
Sweden
- 29% oil
- 15% Hydro electric
- 15% nuclear
- 30% Biomass- Plants ( burned to prdoduce heat, or to create biofuel)
Sustainable energy exploitation- California
California energy commission incharge of renewable operations
Stopping the construction of 5 powerplants, saving 11 million tones of CO2
Hope to have 30% petrol car market by 2030
14,000 wind turbines account for 2% of energy mix
12% geothermal power plants
19% hydroelectric
1.9 trillion GDP
Sustainable energy exploitation- Masdar city
50% water consumption reductions
Buildings constucted to maximise shade, 10 degrees cooler than Abu Dhabi
87,000 solar pannels, producing 10 megawatts- concentrated solar power (CSP) uses mirrors to maximise sunlight
80% of water is recylced
Homed to the international renewable energy agency
At least 5 hours of sustainable education anually
5,500 jobs created
Green space
Personal rapid transport system
1.7 billion USD to renewable development all over UAE
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