Aquatic adaptations of Spinosaurus

reduced Hind limbs, wide feet, large flat unguals, reduced medullary cavity

retracted nares, interlocking conical teeth, Rostromandibular integmentary sensory system

Pre and post zygapophyses in the middle and distal portions of the tail, almost disapear, allows for flexability in the lateral motion

can generate 8x the thrust of other theropod tail shapes at 2.5x the efficiency

increased lateral stability of the body in the water reduces the tendency to roll

Retraction of the nostrils to a position mid region of the skull means spino can breath while submerged

elongate neck shifted center of mass anterior to knee joint

elevated orbits and bending of the frontals placed the eyes on top of the skull, as seen in other semiaquatic animals

crocodile convergence, long skull, conicle teeth, eelongate rostrum, indicate piscivorous diet 

femur is substantially shorter than tibia

large caudofemoral muscle attachments extending 1/3 of the length of the femoral shaft

powerful posterior flexion of the hind limb, like esrly cetaceans for foot propelled paddling 

Unguals large and flat like shore birds, lengthened 1st digit may have had webbing

pelvic girdle small, hind limbs short, limb bones pacyostotic

dense bones 30-40% greater than other theropods

First discovered over a century ago from the upper cretaceous of Egypt

Has global distribution 

Kem Kem of Morrocco,

Kem paleo environment, major fluvio deltaic system dominated by fresh water fauna, fish, lung fish, saw fish, coelocanths