Amount of substance

Relative atomic and molecular masses, the Avogadro

Avogadro constant = number of atoms in 12g of carbon-12 = 6.022 x 10²³

Mole = amount of substance that contains 6.022 x 10²³particles.

Relative atomic mass = average mass of one atom / twelfth of mass of one c-12 atom

Relative molecular mass = average mass of one molecule / twelfth of one c-12 atom

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concentration = moles / volume

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PV = nRT

R = 8.31 JK^-1mol^-1, P = Pa, V = m³, T = K

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Empirical = represents the simlest whole number ratio, to find: find mass, moles, then ratio.

Molecular = actal number of atoms in a compound, to find number of units of empirical in molecular, divide mr by mr of empirical.

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Atom economy = mass of desired product / mass of all reactants (x100)

Yield = tells us how many atoms must be wasted in theory, tells about practical efficiency,

= actual mass of specified product / theoretical yield of product (x100)

Impossible to get 100% yield of reversible.

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