alkanes, alkenes, alcohols, carboxylic acid and esters

• Saturated
• Made up of only carbon and hydrogen atoms.

No. of carbons

1=methane =CH4(say meeth not crystal meth lol)

2=ethane= C2H6

3=propane=C3H8

4=butane=C4H10

try and draw them out :)

• Unsaturated
• Still only contain hydrogen and carbon atoms
• Contain one carbon=carbon double bond.

Methene= CH2

Ethene=C2H4

Propene=C3H6

But 2 ene (you'll get it when its drawn out) = C4H8

• From the hydroxyl group
• Functional group= -OH (not minus OH)
• Named by adding "ol" on the end

Methanol= CH3OH

Ethanol=C2H5OH

Propanol=C3H7OH

Butanol=C4H9OH

• Uses= drinks obviously, removes marker pens, fuel, solvent.
• The alcohol in drinks is ethanol.

• Functional group= -COOH
• pH below 4 (notice they're called acids)
• Smells sour
• Named by adding "oic acid" to the end

Methanoic acid= HCOOH

Ethanoic acid= CH3COOH

Propanoic acid=C2H5COOH

Butanoic acid=C3H7COOH

Sorry this is hard :( DO NOT READ UNTIL LAST or it will confuse you and put you off

• Made by combining an alcohol with a carboxylic acid.
• Has a C=O double bond
• Named by adding "yl" for the first part and "oate" for the second part e.g. methyl methanoate or ethyl ethanoate
• You can also get something like methyl ethanoate or propyl methanoate.
• It might be tricky as hell but hey, at least it smells sweet or like flowers :)
• Used in perfumes, shampoos and deodorants that kind of thing. Also can be used in sweets.

Heres a couple:

Methyl methanoate=HCOOCH3

Ethyl ethanoate= CH3COOCH2CH3

Look up the displayed formula before attempting to draw them