Energy that is released during respiration is used by the organism. The energy may be used:
■ to build larger molecules from smaller ones
■ in animals, to enable muscles to contract
■ in mammals and birds, to maintain a steady body temperature in colder surroundings
■ in plants, to build up sugars, nitrates and other nutrients into amino acids which are then
built up into proteins.
During exercise a number of changes take place:
■ the heart rate increases
■ the rate and depth of breathing increases.
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