Plants have developed special characteristics which have adapted them to live in places where physical factors are unfavorable like mineral-poor soil and salty soils or with low temperature.
Tall trees need great amounts of sunlight to produce large amounts of food sufficient to support the large crown of leaves by making woody tissues. Board leaves enable them to intercept great amounts of light. Leathery leaves to avoid large amounts of water loss from transpiration. Tall and wide diameter trunks to support the crown of leaves at great heights.
In deserts, plants have developed deep and efficient root systems, having succulent stems with thorns and have produced incredibly strong seeds. They grow far apart so that they do not need to compete for water. Efficient root system to absorb water as soon as precipitation takes place and water is infiltrated to ground. Thick leathery stem to avoid loss due to high temperature. Thorns instead of leaves to prevent water loss through transpiration.
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