8 Mark Effects - Germany
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- Created by: goldstar3
- Created on: 13-05-18 15:57
Treaty of Versailles
- Weakened popularity of Weimar Republic
- 'soldiers stabbed in the back'
- Ruined Germany's economy as passive resistance caused hyperinflation
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Weimar Constitution
- Proportional Representation meant that the govt was v unstable as there were many different views so difficult to pass laws
- Whenever compromise broke down, the Chancellor had to ask for Article 48 to be used to suspend the constitution (Parliament didn't have to be asked).
- Suggested this constitution didn't work
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French Occupation of the Ruhr
- Germany was united against France and Belgium and the govt's popularity increased due to their reaction
- Germany lost income as a result, printing more notes meaning their value fell. This led to hyperinflation
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Hyperinflation
- Savings became worthless as did insurance policies and pensions. Mainly middle class
- Farmers profited from high food prices and some businesses were able to pay off loans as the loans lost value
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Spartacist Rising
- Govt was not v strong & relied on workers' strikes and violence of Freikorps to stay in power
- Extremist parties had become stronger from 1918-23.
- Lesson that those with most military power could win
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Kapp Putsch
- Showed the govt had little military power and couldn't control own capital
- However they did prefer Ebert's govt to Kapp's extreme right wing beliefs
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Dawes Plan
- Reparations reduced to affordable level
- Coal output rose from 275,000 (1924) to 350 million (1929) tonnes - pre WW1 rates
- Unemployment at lowest level in 10yrs
- Made Germany dependent on US -- Wall St. Crash
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Locarno Treaties
- Germany was treated as an equal and relations in Europe were improved from 1925-1930
- Ensured Germany's admission to the League of Nations in September 1926, helping to restore their reputation
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Munich Putsch
- Good publicity for NSDAP. Only served 9 months and fined 500 Reichmarks
- Instead, tried to win votes through ballot box, through legal means called Reichstag Principle
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Wall Street Crash
- USA recalled loans and govt didn't have enough money to pay back
- This led to 1000s of businesses closing and millions of jobs lost
- Many people suffered starvation as unemployment benefits cut and taxes raised
- Nazi popularity increased as they gave citizens a scapegoat (Jews, Communists and Weimar politicians) so violence increased
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Young Plan
- Strengthened Weimar Republic by easing burden of reparation payments
- Passing penalty to unborn
- Govt reputation enhanced - govt trusted by abroad therefore appeared stronger
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Reichstag Fire
- Hitler used the unease and confusion to consolidate his power and destroy the Communists. 4000 communist leaders arrested
- Allowed Hitler to become a Dictator as he persuaded Hindenburg to declare state of emergency
- He could do things without passing them through the Reichstag first
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Enabling Act
- It marked an end to the Weimar Constitution and the end of democracy in Germany as this was now a totalitarian state
- In 1933 the Law against the Establishment of Parties took place, removing opposition of the NSDAP (Nazi Party)
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Night of the Long Knives
- The SA were now firmly under Hitler's control and all opposition to Hitler was destroyed
- It ensured that people, especially non-Nazi supporters, were loyal to Hitler
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Death of Hindenburg
- Hitler was now completely in control of the Third Reich
- The army now obeyed Hitler meaning he could use them against people like citizens or their military leaders
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Nazi Policies towards Catholic Church
- By agreeing not to interfere with schools/freedom of worship, opposition to Hitler's policies was reduced
- The breaking of the Concordat in 1937 encouraged Catholics to oppose Nazi policies, but they couldn't because the State's control was too strong at this point
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Nazi Policies towards Protestant Church
- Weakened opposition by attempting to fuse nazi ethics w/ traditional Christianity
- By late 1930s it was too late for sizable Christian opposition to form e.g. Pastor Niemoller who spoke out against Nazi policies was sent to a concentration camp
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