Cell wall – Physical barrier that excludes certain substances and protects against mechanical damage and osmotic lysis.
Capsule – Protects bacterium from other cells and helps groups of bacteria to stick together for further protection.
Cell-surface membrane – Acts as a differentially permeable layer, which controls the entry and exit of chemicals.
Circular DNA – Possesses the genetic information for the replication of bacterial cells.
Plasmid – Possesses genes that may aid the survival of bacteria in adverse conditions e.g. produces enzymes that break down antibiotics.
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