313 exam

painkillers 

paraetamol- mild pain + reduce fever, less irritaing to stomach than asprin 

overdoes of paraetamol causes liver damage 

co-codamol- paracetamol with codeine 

NSAIDS- ( non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) 

ibruprofen + asprin 

produce bleeding, gastric irritation and ulceration

not good for people with asthma

interfer with other drugs like hypertension 

asprin over 16 as can cause reyes syndrome (fatal brain disease) 

fight infection 

anaerobic- thrives in oxygen-poor areas-- perio pockets, need different antibiotics 

aerobic- thrives in oxygen-rich enviroments 

overdose causes immunity 

penicillan - prevent spread in pericoronitis and cellulitis - 250mg x 4, 3-5days, can cause severe allergic reaction 

amoxicillin- penicillan with broad range of action - 250mg x 4, 5days

erythromycin- alternative if patients allergic to penicillan 

metronidazole- against anaerobic bacteria with pericoronitis, periodontal disease and AUG- 200mg-400mg x3, 3 days. not for pregnant ladies, and no alcohol. 

sedative- allevates anxiety 

hypnotic- producees sleep and drowsiness 

nitrus oxide - inhaled 

benzodiazepines - orally or intravenously 

controlled substances act- control drugs uder 5 groups (scheduals)

midazolam + temazepam are schedual 3 

midazolam- IV sedation, not in controlled cabinet

tamazepan- oral sedation tablet or oral suspention, stored in controlled cabinet 

invoices for controlled drugs for 2 years 

midazolam given too quickly or at too high concentration, over sedation can cause:

• hypoxia 
• loss of consciousness 
• respiratory arrest
• respiratory depression 

flumazenil (anexate)- reversal of sedation, can be used in emergency case

also known as antiepileptic or antiseizure drugs

it is diverse group of pharmacological agents used in treatment used in epileptic seizures

phenytoin 

available as epanutin: chewable infatabs 50mg, oral suspention 30mg/5ml 

phenytoin tablets 100mg 

phenytoin sodium flynn: hard capsules 25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg, 300 mg

signs- clammy skin, pale, low blood pressure, loss of consciousness,weak and thready pulse 

symptoms- dizziness, tunnel vision, nausea

• lay patient flat and elevate legs, loosen tight clothing,
• give oxygen 
• give glucogel or dextrose tablets when consciousness returns to restore blood sugar levels 

genetic or aquired through brain damage, disruption of electrical activity in brain causing fit 

• tonic-clonic seizure 
• absenses 

signs- loss of consciousness, becomes rigid, falls and becomes cyanosed (tonic phase), followed by jerking movements (clonic phase), frothing from mouth and urinary incontinance 

symptoms- warning (aura), metallic taste or garlic, or visual

protect from injury, remove on lookers , give oxygen, place in recovery position when convulsive movements subside

administer 10mg buccal midazolam for seizure lasting more than 5 minutes, call 999

hypersensitivity condition 

airways narrow in response to exposure to inhaled particles 

exhaled air forced out and has difficulty breathing 

response can happen during exercise, stressful or fearful situations 

signs- breathless with wheezing on expiration,, cyanosis (blue lips), restlessness, cent compete sentences, placing themselves in tripod position 

syptoms- difficulty in breathing, sensation of suffocating or drowning 

sit down and take slow steady breaths, salbutamol inhaler + spacer + oxygen, one puff of inhaler ery 30-60seconds up to 10 puffs

call 999 if feeling worse or after taking 10 puffs, if dont arrive in 15mins repeat