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• Set of rules, written/unwritten.
• Spreads power in Political system.
• Shows Gov's limits and rights of citizens.
• Can be Codified/uncodified, Unitary/Federal.

FUNCTIONS:

• Decide how power is spread in state, e.g. roles of Queen, Parlia and Gov.
• Makes a Political process.
• States Governments limits, US makes it clear, UK is unclear.
• Give rights to citizens against the state.
• Can be ammended via Parliamentary statute or Evolution.

CODIFIED CONSTITUTION:

• Single source, clearly written in one place.
• Has 2 Tier-legal system, high laws for constitution and normal laws for day to day.
• Can be entrenched.

UNCODIFIED CONSTITUTION:

• No single source/ written document.
• E.g. Isreal, Canada and New Zealand have basic laws.
• But Britain has 1 Tier-legal system and 7 sources.
• More flexibel

JUDICIAL REVIEW:

• Law courts help clarify is constitution is codified/uncodified
• Judicial review is when judges make a decision which hasn't changed the constitution but it's understanding.

PARLIAMENTARY SOVEREINGTY:

• Sovereignty = Legal supremacy, ultimate power, every right to make laws and has no higher authority.
• Most important feature of UK.
• Westminister is supreme law making body, Parliament can make laws on anything, laws can't be changed by higher authority.

RULE OF LAW:

• Rule of Law = A system of rule, citizens and state's relation is controlled via law.
• Laws passed by Parliament are examined by Independent Judiciary.
• Everyone must obey, even Gov-ministers, public officials etc.

UNITARY AND FEDERAL STATE:

• Unitary is when power is held in one place, e.g. UK Westminister.
• Federal is when power is shared between Government and regions, e.g. Germany and USA.

PARLIAMENTARY GOVERNMENT AND CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY:

• 1689, Parliament now more supreme than crown.
• Monarch power's restricted, can't dissolve Parliament.
• 20th Century, HofC is now main legislator, not HofL.