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Advantages
- Offers rich, in-depth data so the information that may have been overlooked through other methods is identified.
- Can investigate human behaviours that are rare and would not be ethical to generate in experimental conditions.
- Enables the study of complex interaction factors in contrast to experiments where the variables are constant
- Range of techniques can be used. E.g. observations, interviews and psychological testing.
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Disadvantages
- Difficult to generalise the findings from an individual case to the whole population due to individual differences and/or unique characteristics
- Lack of objectivity in the researchers as they get to know the case or because of theoretical bias. This may lead to the overlooking of certain aspects of the findings.
- The recollection of past events as part of the history of the individual may be required. This could cause the evidence to be unreliable.
- Confidentiality must be maintained as many cases are easily identifiable due to unique characteristics.
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