youth justice
- Created by: Ruthatdropswell
- Created on: 30-04-15 16:29
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- Youth Justice
- Social Construction
- History
- no sense of childhood before 1700s
- Worked with parents as soon as they could
- Factory act 1819 + 1833
- restricted the working hours for 9-13 years old
- Less income- lead to crime to live
- 1880 schools compulsory
- schools compulsory for 5-10 years old
- When compulsory age increased less people working.
- surveillance of the children during the day
- Environmental theory
- Concentric zone model - may steal to prevent homelessness
- zone of transition- crime contagious
- links to Matza's "drift" theory 1965
- biological theories
- Many young juveniles already have or had family members in YOI/prisons
- Criminal age of responsibility
- In UK is 10
- However 10-17 years old not treated as adults- in youth courts and different sentences and prisons eg YOIs and training centres
- 18+ treated as an adult but have separate prisons until age of 25
- In UK is 10
- History
- Policing and Courts
- Labeling theory
- Police label young people - hooligans
- young people more likely to live up to their labels
- moral panic "troublesome teens"
- Trust
- Young people don't trust the police
- due to the way police victimize/label/treat young people
- Net-widening
- crime and disorder act 1998
- ASBOs - more crimes for young people to commit Cohen 1985
- Stats
- 2012/13 1.7 million young people arrested
- 126,809 were aged 10-17 years old
- significant decrease sicne 2002/3 - 7,110 were sentenced to imediate custody
- 2012/13 1.7 million young people arrested
- Labeling theory
- Youth offenders Institute
- Stats
- 2,932 assaults by young people in custody 2013/14 (7% increase on previous year)
- 2013/14 - 1,318 incidents of self harm
- 34 deaths in custody since 1990 under 18s
- England and Wales are only second behind Turkey for the highest rate of imprisoning 10-17 years old in Europe
- 85% of children and young people present with mental health problems
- 2006/7 approx 3,000 children and young people incarcerated
- 2013/14 5,714 incidents of restrictive physical interventions (RPI)
- The average population of young people in custody in 2013/14 under 18 - 1,216
- 21% reduction on previous year
- 56% reduction on 2003/4
- 2004- Adam Rickwood (14) and Gareth Myatt(15) - youngest people to commit self induced death in custody
- Gareth Myatt had only been at Rainsbrook training centre 2 days
- 2005 - 15 HMYOIs + 22 HMP+YOIs
- Cons
- Violent places, (Feltham)
- violence to young people from other young people and staff
- The worry about putting young criminals together, make friends,
- less chance of rehabilitation more chance of re-offending
- Many children in YOIs have numberacy and literacy skills 4 or 5 years below their chronilogical age
- Pros
- Still safer than placing them with adult criminals
- a way for children and young people to realise the law, and appreciate they have broke the law
- Safety for society
- Are meant to be controlled conditions
- Stats
- Case Studies
- James Bulger 2 years old - Liverpool - UK
- Jon Venables and Robert Thompson 10 years old
- Silje Redergard who 5 years old - Trondheim - Norway
- Both boys unknown to public - no punishment
- James Bulger 2 years old - Liverpool - UK
- Social Construction
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