Waves
- Created by: Clare
- Created on: 19-11-12 17:32
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- Waves
- Waves transfer energy
- Transverse
- Water
- Particle movement is at right angles to the direction
- Up and down- most common
- Longitudinal
- Sound
- Compressions to pass on energy
- Travels parallel to the direction of the wave
- Interferance
- When 2 or more waves come together
- 2 peaks come together
- Constructive
- Wave doubles in size
- Both waves continue in same direction
- Wave doubles in size
- Constructive
- 1 peak and 1 trough come together
- Destructive
- Wave cancels out- no sound
- Both waves continue in same direction
- Wave cancels out- no sound
- Destructive
- Reflection
- Waves bounce back off the surface at the same angle. Angle of incidence= angle of reflection
- Ray diagram: mirror, normal line, angle of incidence, angle of reflection, incident and reflected ray
- When waves hit a shiny surface they change direction
- Shiny smooth surfaces give a clear image
- Waves change direction but stay in straight lines (optical fibres)
- Incident ray IN
- Refraction
- Light and sound travel and different speeds in different mediums
- This is due to different densities
- Air and Glass
- Glass= solid more dense
- Waves slow down and bend TOWARDS the normal line
- Think: busy supermarket (more dense) go TOWARDS mum (normal)
- Waves slow down and bend TOWARDS the normal line
- Glass= solid more dense
- Doesn't occur at 90 degrees
- Angle of refraction is less than angle of incidence
- After leaving glass block the ray is bent back to it's original direction
- Light and sound travel and different speeds in different mediums
- Diffraction
- Affects radiowaves
- Bending of a wave around an obstacle, past an object or through a gap
- No properties are changed during diffraction- only DIRECTION
- Travelling through a gap- wave travels straight on then expands outward (semicircle)
- Travelling around a corner- once past corner expands circularly
- Parts of a wave
- Wavelength
- Distance from peak to peak
- Amplitude
- Height from middle line
- Frequency
- Number of waves passing a point in a second
- Measured in Hertz (Hz)
- Frequency= no. of waves/ time in secs
- Number of waves passing a point in a second
- Peak/ Trough
- Wave speed= frequency x wavelength
- Wave speed- how fast a wave travels through space
- Wavelength
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