Urban change
- Created by: rchapman99
- Created on: 10-11-17 22:49
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- Urban change
- Processes associated with urbanisation
- Economic
- Offer more job opportunities; better paid jobs; businesses and shops grow; commercial farming takes place - food production.
- Social
- Higher living standards; better access to healthcare and education; cultural expression; migration - segregation.
- Technological
- Emergence of factories; hotspots for technological advancement; high-tech industries emerge; highly paid jobs.
- Political
- Increased inequalities between the rich and poor; 'working class' population emerges; political movements to focus on issues like poor sanitation, quality of housing, and working conditions in factories.
- Demographic
- Larger and wealthier cities attract migrants; culturally and ethnically diverse; young people are attracted by jobs and entertainment.
- Economic
- Developed countries have experienced deindustrialisation since the 1970s
- Deindustrilalisation
- In the 1960s, some developing nations became industrialised; able to produce goods at cheaper prices; by the 1970s, the developed world was struggling to compete so some industries collapsed; in the UK, deindustrialisation caused unemployment to rise above 3 million in 1983.
- Rise of the service economy
- During the 1980s, many service industries began to expand and dominate western economies; responsible for the majority of economic growth in developed countries since deindustrialisation.
- Deindustrilalisation
- Processes associated with urbanisation
- Since 1979, British governments have tried to regenerate cities
- Urban Development Corporations - 1979-1990s
- 1979: catastrophic decline for the UK;UDCs used private sector funding to restore derelict areas; e.g. London Docklands and Liverpool to attract new businesses, improve the environment, create jobs, build houses, new schools, parks and community facilities; by 1993, 12 UDCs had been established.
- Enterprise Zones - 1981-present
- In 1981, EZs were established in areas with high unemployment; attract start-up companies to the area to create job - they did this by reducing tax; by 1990, t he EZs housed over 5,000 companies, employing more than 125,000 people, however, some existing companies had to move their premises due to tax reductions.
- City Challenge - 1991-1997
- Local authorities competed for government funding to regenerate deprived urban areas; worked with the local community and private companies to improve the physical, economic and social environment of the area; funding was allocated to projects that benefited the local community.
- Partnership Schemes - 2010-present
- Since 2010, the government has worked with private companies to provide financial support and expertise for urban regeneration; designed to improve physical, economic and social conditions in deprived areas.
- Urban change
- Processes associated with urbanisation
- Economic
- Offer more job opportunities; better paid jobs; businesses and shops grow; commercial farming takes place - food production.
- Social
- Higher living standards; better access to healthcare and education; cultural expression; migration - segregation.
- Technological
- Emergence of factories; hotspots for technological advancement; high-tech industries emerge; highly paid jobs.
- Political
- Increased inequalities between the rich and poor; 'working class' population emerges; political movements to focus on issues like poor sanitation, quality of housing, and working conditions in factories.
- Demographic
- Larger and wealthier cities attract migrants; culturally and ethnically diverse; young people are attracted by jobs and entertainment.
- Economic
- Developed countries have experienced deindustrialisation since the 1970s
- Deindustrilalisation
- In the 1960s, some developing nations became industrialised; able to produce goods at cheaper prices; by the 1970s, the developed world was struggling to compete so some industries collapsed; in the UK, deindustrialisation caused unemployment to rise above 3 million in 1983.
- Rise of the service economy
- During the 1980s, many service industries began to expand and dominate western economies; responsible for the majority of economic growth in developed countries since deindustrialisation.
- Deindustrilalisation
- Processes associated with urbanisation
- Urban Development Corporations - 1979-1990s
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