Transition Metals
- Created by: OTaylor1
- Created on: 14-04-14 12:43
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- Transition Metals
- Definition: A metal that can form one or more stable ions with a partially filled d-subshell.
- Chemical Properties
- Can form complex ions
- Form coloured ions in solution
- Good catalysts
- Exist in various oxidation states
- Complex ions
- Definition: A metal ion surrounded by dative covalently bonded ligands.
- Ligand: an atom, ion or molecule that donates a pair of electrons to a central metal ion.
- Dative covalent: a covalent bond in which both electrons in a shared pair come from the same atom.
- One ligand can be swapped for another in a reaction known as ligand substitution.
- Ligand Reactions
- During ligand exchange a colour change always occurs.
- Different ligands form different strength bonds.
- Ligand exchange reactions can be easily reversed except when the new ion is more stable than the old one.
- When Sodium Hydroxide and Ammonia solution is added to metal aqua ions a precipitate is formed.
- Definition: A metal ion surrounded by dative covalently bonded ligands.
- Colour
- Complex ions absorb some frequencies of light dependent on the metal.
- The colour of the ion is made up of all the frequencies that aren't absorbed.
- Scandium and Zinc aren't transition metals as Scandium's only ion has no d-orbital and Zinc contains a full d-orbital even when ions form.
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