Topic 9
- Created by: Sailing26880
- Created on: 02-05-18 17:38
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- Topic 9
- Hormones
- Endocrine System
- Glands which produce hormones and distribute them into the bloodstream
- attach to receptors
- Glands which produce hormones and distribute them into the bloodstream
- Endocrine System
- Chemical control in Plants
- Giberellins
- they act with auxin's to elongate cells in stem for growth; stimulate fruit development; break seed dormancy by activating amylase
- Auxins
- cell elongation activates H+ pumps so cell walls stretch; apical dormance auxin produced from main shoot inhibits lateral bud growth; root growth auxin promote this
- Cytokinins
- oppose action of auxin in apical dormancy,; promote lateral bud growth; promote cell division in growing points
- Giberellins
- Phytochrome and Photoperiodism
- long day plants - short night critical, high conc of Pfr
- short day plants - long night critical, low conc of Pfr
- Photomorphogenesis - Pfr stimulates germination in some seed, red in daylight stimulates germination by converting Pr into Pfr
- Mammalian Nervous System
- Preipheral
- Voluntary
- Autonomic
- Sympathetic
- Increase
- Parasympathetic
- Descrease
- Sympathetic
- Central
- Brain
- Spinal Cord
- Preipheral
- Central Nervous System
- Cerebrum - initiates movement
- Hypothalamus- temperature and osmore regulation
- Medulla Oblongata - controls breathing and heart rate
- Cerebellum - controls balance and coordination of movement
- Medulla Oblongata - controls breathing and heart rate
- Hypothalamus- temperature and osmore regulation
- Cerebrum - initiates movement
- Action Potential and Nerves
- Action Potential
- Sodium Ions entering during an action potential flow along inside the nerve fibre; the additional positive charge inside reduces the potential differences to the threshold level which opens voltage dependent sodium gates in the membrane
- the refractory period makes sure the impulse only travels in one direction
- Sodium Ions entering during an action potential flow along inside the nerve fibre; the additional positive charge inside reduces the potential differences to the threshold level which opens voltage dependent sodium gates in the membrane
- Myelinated Nerve Fibres
- Only the node of ranvier can depolarise the impulse jumps between nodes known as salutatory conduction, the myelin sheath decreases impulse times smaller
- Synapses where impulses have to turn into chemical messenger s to get to the next nerve
- Nicotine - increases heart rate and blood pressure
- Lidocaine - an anaesthetic preventing the feeling of pain
- Cobra Venom- causes paralysis and death
- Lidocaine - an anaesthetic preventing the feeling of pain
- Action Potential
- Kidney
- Ornithine cycle produces urea
- ultra-filtration occurs in the glomerulus, in the filtrate is glucose, water, urea and ions
- Loop of henle = countercurrrent multiplier
- Kangaroo rats have a long loof of henle
- Loop of henle = countercurrrent multiplier
- ultra-filtration occurs in the glomerulus, in the filtrate is glucose, water, urea and ions
- Ornithine cycle produces urea
- Thermoregulation
- Ectotherms - warm up using external sources
- Endotherms - body heat gained from metabolism
- Ectotherms - warm up using external sources
- Homeostasis
- Maintenance of a Dynamic Equilibrium
- pH - hydrogen bonds disrupted charge distribution of active sites change
- Temp - change of rate of reaction of enzymes can affect stability of proteins
- Water Potential - affects water content of cells too high causing swelling and bursting too low causes shrinking of cells
- Positive Feedback
- Negative Feedback
- Maintenance of a Dynamic Equilibrium
- Eye
- Acuity - the level of detail seen
- Sensitivity - how little light is needed to cause an impulse
- Rhodopsin - the light sensitive pigment found in rods that detects light ad initiates action potential (composed of opsin and retinal
- Bleaching = rhodopsin turning into retinal and opsin
- Rhodopsin - the light sensitive pigment found in rods that detects light ad initiates action potential (composed of opsin and retinal
- Sensitivity - how little light is needed to cause an impulse
- Acuity - the level of detail seen
- Heart
- adrenaline causes an increase in the heart rate
- Hormones
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