Topic 6
- Created by: Sailing26880
- Created on: 23-04-18 16:25
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- TOPIC 6
- Aseptic Technique
- All equipment to be sterile
- flame using a Bunsen burner near the workarea
- areas should be antibacked
- inoculation should be done with a flamed instrument
- Lids should be replaced as quickly as possible
- Population Size
- 1- Lag Phase, slows growth as bacteria prepare to use the nutrients available
- 2- :Log Phase, growth is exponential
- 3- stationary phase, death rate equals division rate
- 4- Death Phase, population of live cells falls reducing the population siize
- 3- stationary phase, death rate equals division rate
- 2- :Log Phase, growth is exponential
- calculation
- 1- Lag Phase, slows growth as bacteria prepare to use the nutrients available
- Endo/Exo toxins
- END-lipposaccharides in the membranes of Gram negative bacteria, Salmonella spp.
- EXO-molecules released outside of the bacterium cell, Staph. aureus
- Invasion of host tissue
- By entering the host tissue like TB. can lay dormant for ears before exploding
- Antibiotic
- Bactericidal
- Kill bacteria by interfering with an aspect if bacteria structure or biochemistry so it dies.
- Panicillin
- Kill bacteria by interfering with an aspect if bacteria structure or biochemistry so it dies.
- Bacteriostatic
- prevent the growth and reproduction of bacteria so the population cannot grow
- Tetracycline
- prevent the growth and reproduction of bacteria so the population cannot grow
- Resistance
- mutation which reproduces, it can be controlled by antibiotics being taken for the correct amount of time
- Bactericidal
- Other Agents
- Malaria
- burst out for cell every 2-3 days, liver damage and anemia
- liver from blood reproducing asexually
- through female mosquito's
- wind carries spores infecting plants fragments in soil
- spores germinate in water, hyphae enter through stomata, enzymes digest cell walls, nutrients absorbed by fungus.
- wind carries spores infecting plants fragments in soil
- through female mosquito's
- nutrients lost to fungus, stem weakened plant looses control over water loss
- spores germinate in water, hyphae enter through stomata, enzymes digest cell walls, nutrients absorbed by fungus.
- spores germinate in water, hyphae enter through stomata, enzymes digest cell walls, nutrients absorbed by fungus.
- liver from blood reproducing asexually
- burst out for cell every 2-3 days, liver damage and anemia
- Stem Rust Fungus
- nutrients lost to fungus, stem weakened plant looses control over water loss
- nutrients lost to fungus, stem weakened plant looses control over water loss
- Influenza
- stuffy nose, headache, coughing, tiredness, vomiting
- Cilla of lungs, viral RNA takes over cell, cell produces particles, cell lysis
- Droplet, contact (feaces, virus, surfaces)
- through female mosquito's
- through female mosquito's
- liver from blood reproducing asexually
- Droplet, contact (feaces, virus, surfaces)
- burst out for cell every 2-3 days, liver damage and anemia
- Cilla of lungs, viral RNA takes over cell, cell produces particles, cell lysis
- stuffy nose, headache, coughing, tiredness, vomiting
- Pathogenic Effects
- Infection
- Transmission
- Droplet, contact (feaces, virus, surfaces)
- Droplet, contact (feaces, virus, surfaces)
- Cilla of lungs, viral RNA takes over cell, cell produces particles, cell lysis
- Transmission
- stuffy nose, headache, coughing, tiredness, vomiting
- Infection
- Malaria
- Immune Responce
- Humoral Immune Response
- Antigen presented by T cell activating T helper cell, activating B cell which becomes an antibody secreating plasma, so clonal selection can occur, producing many antibodies,.
- Cell mediated response
- Antigen presented on infected cell, T helper cells and T killer cells activate when come into contact. Cytokines are released = inflammatory response
- Immunity
- Artificial
- vaccine uses antigens from pathogens in a harmless form causing a primary response.
- antiserum contains antibodies usually the blood of an exposed animal to inject the antigen (not long term)
- vaccine uses antigens from pathogens in a harmless form causing a primary response.
- antiserum contains antibodies usually the blood of an exposed animal to inject the antigen (not long term)
- Artificial
- Humoral Immune Response
- Culturing Microrganism
- Types
- Agar Plate - containing nutrient agar, a solid medium in a petri dish
- Conditions for growth: nutrients, temperature and pH access to O2
- Selective Media - can be used to grow selective types of culture by discouraging the growth of other organisms
- Conditions for growth: nutrients, temperature and pH access to O2
- Agar Plate - containing nutrient agar, a solid medium in a petri dish
- Problems
- Pathogens may enter spreading disease, safe organisms may mutate into harmful ones, pathogens may enter and spoil investigation.
- Precautions
- adequate O2 supply as more encourages pathogens to grow, culture temperature 30C or below as above causes human pathogens to grow
- Types
- Counting Microrganism
- Haemocytomer: microscopic grid
- Dilution plating, till you can count the no of organisms
- Turbidity, cloudiness
- Dry mass, weighed culture
- Turbidity, cloudiness
- Dilution plating, till you can count the no of organisms
- Haemocytomer: microscopic grid
- Aseptic Technique
- Pathogenic Effects
- Infection
- Transmission
- Transmission
- Infection
- normal response
- Natural
- Antibodies in mil
- Active
- vaccine uses antigens from pathogens in a harmless form causing a primary response.
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