topic 3
- Created by: giraffe007
- Created on: 29-05-17 11:16
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- Topic 3- infection and response
- vaccination
- when infected by new pathogen, WBC few days to deal,you = ill
- = injecting small amounts dead/inactive pathogens in u. These carry antigens.
- then if live pathogens infect you, WBC rapidly mass-produce, antibodies
- pros
- control lots of comm. disease in UK
- epidemics= prevented if large% pop. are vaccinated
- cons
- don't always work
- bad reaction to some
- drugs
- painkillers relieve pain, x kill pathogens
- antibiotics kill bacteria
- x destroy viruses
- resistant bacteria to antibiotics
- the resistant bacteria survive and reproduce, to avoid resistant strains, doctors shouldn't over prescribe
- finish whole course antibiotics
- the resistant bacteria survive and reproduce, to avoid resistant strains, doctors shouldn't over prescribe
- many from plants
- plants produce chemical defend themselves
- chemicals used as drugs
- aspirin -> from willow
- digitalis for heart conditions from fox gloves
- chemicals used as drugs
- plants produce chemical defend themselves
- some drugs from micro-organisms
- drugs made large scale
- developing drugs
- tested human cells/tissues
- test live animals
- toxicity/ efficacy/ dosage
- human volunteers clinical trial
- double blind, 1 group placebo, 1 group new drug
- test live animals
- tested human cells/tissues
- monoclonal antibodies
- diagram
- if pregnant
- if not pregnant
- treat diseases
- in labs
- test blood samples
- locate specific molecules on cell
- MA made to bind to spec. mols
- MA bound to fluorescent dye
- if mols present MA attach and you see dye
- problems with MA
- side effects vomit, fever
- not widely used
- side effects vomit, fever
- MA bound to fluorescent dye
- in labs
- plants
- need mineral ions from soil
- nitrates to make proteins, to grow
- magnesium ions for making chlorophyll
- disease
- viral/ bacterial /fungal
- signs
- stunted / abnormal growth. spots/ decay
- infestation of pests
- use testing kit
- physical defences
- waxy cuticle
- layers of dead cells around stem
- cell walls
- mechanical
- thorns
- mimic
- droop or curl
- chemical
- poisons/ antibacterial
- need mineral ions from soil
- vaccination
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