Token Economy
- Created by: 0045253
- Created on: 11-06-22 15:13
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- Token Economies
- These are reward systems used to manage
the behaviour of patients with SZ.
- Aim to improve a patient’s quality of life.
- Particularly those who have been institutionalised for a long period of time and are likely to have developed bad habits such as staying pyjamas all day or bad hygiene.
- Tokens are given when a desirable
behaviour has been carried out e.g. getting dressed in the morning (positive reinforcement)
- Tokens are secondary reinforcers that can then be swapped for tangible rewards e.g. being able to go for a walk outside of the hospital.
- WEAKNESS
- P - Do
not address the symptoms of SZ so they are not a ‘treatment’
- E - Patients
seen as lab rats who can be manipulated principles based on animal behaviour, which underestimate the role of cognitive factors such as motivation
- E - Privileges maybe more available to those with mild symptoms and less likely for those with severe symptoms that prevent them form exhibiting desirable behaviours
- L - This means that token economy can be viewed as unethical and discriminative, therefore it's not appropriate for everyone.
- E - Privileges maybe more available to those with mild symptoms and less likely for those with severe symptoms that prevent them form exhibiting desirable behaviours
- E - Patients
seen as lab rats who can be manipulated principles based on animal behaviour, which underestimate the role of cognitive factors such as motivation
- P - There is evidence to support the the use of token economy.
- E - McMonagle & Sultana (2009) conducted a meta-analysis of token economy involving 110 people. Found slight evidence for improved mental state, especially with negative symptoms
- E - However, there were only 3 studies where ppts had been randomly allocated to conditions, it's likely that patients with less severe symptoms would be placed in the token economy group.
- L - This suggests there is limited support for token economies used.
- E - However, there were only 3 studies where ppts had been randomly allocated to conditions, it's likely that patients with less severe symptoms would be placed in the token economy group.
- E - McMonagle & Sultana (2009) conducted a meta-analysis of token economy involving 110 people. Found slight evidence for improved mental state, especially with negative symptoms
- P - Do
not address the symptoms of SZ so they are not a ‘treatment’
- STRENGTH
- P - There're
economic
implications of
psychological
treatments
for SZ.
- E - Drug
therapies
tend to be
cheaper than
psychological
therapies as
they don't
require regular
therapy
appointments.
- E - However,
psychological
therapies
have led to a
reduction in
relapse rates
and hospital
stays which
can be very
costly to the
economy.
- L - This means that psychological treatments for SZ have a positive impact on the economy as it provides a more longterm strategy for relapse avoidance.
- E - However,
psychological
therapies
have led to a
reduction in
relapse rates
and hospital
stays which
can be very
costly to the
economy.
- E - Drug
therapies
tend to be
cheaper than
psychological
therapies as
they don't
require regular
therapy
appointments.
- P - Psychologists dispute whether psychological treatments treat the underlying caused
- E - Psychological therapies offer patients a way of managing their symptoms and as such are not necessarily a cure
- E - Others argue that they're more likely to treat the underlying cause that biological therapies, which only treat the symptoms whilst being taken.
- L - This suggests that psychological treatments can lead to patients having an enhanced quality of life in the long term as a strategies can be used even after treatment has stopped
- E - Others argue that they're more likely to treat the underlying cause that biological therapies, which only treat the symptoms whilst being taken.
- E - Psychological therapies offer patients a way of managing their symptoms and as such are not necessarily a cure
- P - There're
economic
implications of
psychological
treatments
for SZ.
- These are reward systems used to manage
the behaviour of patients with SZ.
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