Theories of the family JPO

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  • Created by: mrpoulin
  • Created on: 09-02-17 11:39
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  • Theories of the family
    • Functionalists
      • Murdock (1949)
        • In all 250 societies studies, nuclear family was the structure
          • AO3: GRAVE
          • Primary socialisation
          • Reproduction
          • Economic needs
          • Satisfaction of sex drive
        • AO3: Marxists and feminists  reject the 'rose-tinted' harmonious consensus view; they believe in conflict approach
      • Society is based on value consensus - set of shared norms and values
      • Organic analogy
      • Parsons (1955)
        • Pre-industrial societies
          • Extended families
            • AO3: Young and Willmott (1973): the pre-industrial family was nuclear
            • AO3: Laslett (1972): study of English households from 1564 to 1821 = almost always nuclear
        • Modern industrial societies
          • Nuclear families
            • AO3: Young and Willmott: hardship of the early industrial period gave rise to the 'mum-centred' WC extended family
            • Geographical mobility
              • Easier to move than extended family
            • Socially mobile workforce
              • Achieved status
                • Eg. son may have a higher achieved status than his father; can create tension if leaving under the same roof
                  • Socially mobile workforce
                    • Achieved status
                      • Eg. son may have a higher achieved status than his father; can create tension if leaving under the same roof
                      • Ascribed status
                  • Ascribed status
                  • Modern industrial family loss functions such as unit of production
              • Primary socialisation
                • AO3: same as Murdock
              • Stabilisation of the adult personality
                • Warm bath theory
                  • AO3: feminists argue it can result in domestic violence towards women
                    • Marxist feminist Ansley (1972): wifes as 'takers of ****' who soak up the frustration their husbands feel because of the alienation and exploitation from capitalism
                  • AO3: Zaretsky (1976); ideological function by offering an apparent 'haven', but it is an illusion
            • Top-down approach
            • Consensus
          • Feminists
            • Liberal feminists
              • Women's oppression is being gradually overcome through changing people's attitudes and changes in law (eg. Sex Discrimination Law, 1975)
                • Similar view than March of Progress theorists Young and Willmott
            • Marxist feminist
              • Women reproduce the labour force
                • Women absorb anger (see warm bath theory)
                  • Women are a reserve army of cheap labour
            • Radical feminists
              • Men are the enemy (source of oppression and exploitation)
                • Family and marriage are the key institutions in patriarchal society
                  • Political lesbianism: Greer (2000): creation of all-female or 'matrifocal' households
            • Difference feminists
              • We cannot generalise about women's experiences due to sexual orientation, ethnicity, disability, etc.
                • AO3: Other feminists argue that they neglect that all women share many experiences
            • Conflict
            • Top-down apporoach
              • Marxists
                • Ideological functions
                  • Zaretsky (1976); ideological function by offering an apparent 'haven', but it is an illusion
                  • Set of ideas/beliefs that justify inequality and maintain capitalism
                • Inheritance of property
                  • Engels: move from 'primitive communism' due to promiscuous horde to private property due to monogamy
                    • Engels: 'world historical defeat of the female sex', a mere instrument for the production of children'
                      • AO3: feminists
                  • MC children inherit
                • Unit of consumption
                  • 'Keep up with the Joneses'
                  • 'Pester power' of children
                  • WC children are mocked and stigmatised who don't have the latest gadgets
                • Conflict
          • Marxists
            • Ideological functions
              • Zaretsky (1976); ideological function by offering an apparent 'haven', but it is an illusion
              • Set of ideas/beliefs that justify inequality and maintain capitalism
            • Inheritance of property
              • Engels: move from 'primitive communism' due to promiscuous horde to private property due to monogamy
                • Engels: 'world historical defeat of the female sex', a mere instrument for the production of children'
                  • AO3: feminists
              • MC children inherit
            • Unit of consumption
              • 'Keep up with the Joneses'
              • 'Pester power' of children
              • WC children are mocked and stigmatised who don't have the latest gadgets
          • Personal life
            • Weaknesses of Marxist, feminist and functionalist theories of the family
              • Assume that the nuclear family is dominant; ignore family diversity
              • All structural theories (too deterministic); ignore interactionist and postmodernist views of free will
                • AO3: too broad a view
                  • AO3: Unlike functionalists, they recognise that relatedness is not always positive
            • Bottom-up approach
            • Smart (2007)
        • AO3: Other feminists criticise liberal feminists for failing to challenge the underlying causes of women's oppression
        • HAPs Ffunctionalist: Fletcher (1966)
        • HAPs Marxist feminists: Benston (1972), Feeley (1972), Beechey (1986), Hartmann (1981)
        • HAPs Left-wing feminists: Barrett and McIntosh (1982)
        • HAPs Liberal feminists: Friedan (1963), Oakley (1974)
        • HAPs Radical feminists: Millett (1970), Firestone (1970)
        • HAPs Difference (third wave) feminists: Collins (2004), Katz and Monk (1993)
        • HAPs Post-structuralist feminist: Butler (1992)
        • HAPs Post-feminists: Faludi (1992), Purdy (1997)
        • Mr Poulin 2017

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