Theories of the family JPO
- Created by: mrpoulin
- Created on: 09-02-17 11:39
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- Theories of the family
- Functionalists
- Murdock (1949)
- In all 250 societies studies, nuclear family was the structure
- AO3: GRAVE
- Primary socialisation
- Reproduction
- Economic needs
- Satisfaction of sex drive
- AO3: Marxists and feminists reject the 'rose-tinted' harmonious consensus view; they believe in conflict approach
- In all 250 societies studies, nuclear family was the structure
- Society is based on value consensus - set of shared norms and values
- Organic analogy
- Parsons (1955)
- Pre-industrial societies
- Extended families
- AO3: Young and Willmott (1973): the pre-industrial family was nuclear
- AO3: Laslett (1972): study of English households from 1564 to 1821 = almost always nuclear
- Extended families
- Modern industrial societies
- Nuclear families
- AO3: Young and Willmott: hardship of the early industrial period gave rise to the 'mum-centred' WC extended family
- Geographical mobility
- Easier to move than extended family
- Socially mobile workforce
- Achieved status
- Eg. son may have a higher achieved status than his father; can create tension if leaving under the same roof
- Socially mobile workforce
- Achieved status
- Eg. son may have a higher achieved status than his father; can create tension if leaving under the same roof
- Eg. son may have a higher achieved status than his father; can create tension if leaving under the same roof
- Ascribed status
- Achieved status
- Socially mobile workforce
- Eg. son may have a higher achieved status than his father; can create tension if leaving under the same roof
- Ascribed status
- Achieved status
- Modern industrial family loss functions such as unit of production
- Nuclear families
- Primary socialisation
- AO3: same as Murdock
- Stabilisation of the adult personality
- Warm bath theory
- AO3: feminists argue it can result in domestic violence towards women
- Marxist feminist Ansley (1972): wifes as 'takers of ****' who soak up the frustration their husbands feel because of the alienation and exploitation from capitalism
- AO3: Zaretsky (1976); ideological function by offering an apparent 'haven', but it is an illusion
- AO3: feminists argue it can result in domestic violence towards women
- Warm bath theory
- Pre-industrial societies
- Top-down approach
- Consensus
- Murdock (1949)
- Feminists
- Liberal feminists
- Women's oppression is being gradually overcome through changing people's attitudes and changes in law (eg. Sex Discrimination Law, 1975)
- Similar view than March of Progress theorists Young and Willmott
- Women's oppression is being gradually overcome through changing people's attitudes and changes in law (eg. Sex Discrimination Law, 1975)
- Marxist feminist
- Women reproduce the labour force
- Women absorb anger (see warm bath theory)
- Women are a reserve army of cheap labour
- Women absorb anger (see warm bath theory)
- Women reproduce the labour force
- Radical feminists
- Men are the enemy (source of oppression and exploitation)
- Family and marriage are the key institutions in patriarchal society
- Political lesbianism: Greer (2000): creation of all-female or 'matrifocal' households
- Family and marriage are the key institutions in patriarchal society
- Men are the enemy (source of oppression and exploitation)
- Difference feminists
- We cannot generalise about women's experiences due to sexual orientation, ethnicity, disability, etc.
- AO3: Other feminists argue that they neglect that all women share many experiences
- We cannot generalise about women's experiences due to sexual orientation, ethnicity, disability, etc.
- Conflict
- Top-down apporoach
- Marxists
- Ideological functions
- Zaretsky (1976); ideological function by offering an apparent 'haven', but it is an illusion
- Set of ideas/beliefs that justify inequality and maintain capitalism
- Inheritance of property
- Engels: move from 'primitive communism' due to promiscuous horde to private property due to monogamy
- Engels: 'world historical defeat of the female sex', a mere instrument for the production of children'
- AO3: feminists
- Engels: 'world historical defeat of the female sex', a mere instrument for the production of children'
- MC children inherit
- Engels: move from 'primitive communism' due to promiscuous horde to private property due to monogamy
- Unit of consumption
- 'Keep up with the Joneses'
- 'Pester power' of children
- WC children are mocked and stigmatised who don't have the latest gadgets
- Conflict
- Ideological functions
- Marxists
- Liberal feminists
- Marxists
- Ideological functions
- Zaretsky (1976); ideological function by offering an apparent 'haven', but it is an illusion
- Set of ideas/beliefs that justify inequality and maintain capitalism
- Inheritance of property
- Engels: move from 'primitive communism' due to promiscuous horde to private property due to monogamy
- Engels: 'world historical defeat of the female sex', a mere instrument for the production of children'
- AO3: feminists
- Engels: 'world historical defeat of the female sex', a mere instrument for the production of children'
- MC children inherit
- Engels: move from 'primitive communism' due to promiscuous horde to private property due to monogamy
- Unit of consumption
- 'Keep up with the Joneses'
- 'Pester power' of children
- WC children are mocked and stigmatised who don't have the latest gadgets
- Ideological functions
- Personal life
- Weaknesses of Marxist, feminist and functionalist theories of the family
- Assume that the nuclear family is dominant; ignore family diversity
- All structural theories (too deterministic); ignore interactionist and postmodernist views of free will
- AO3: too broad a view
- AO3: Unlike functionalists, they recognise that relatedness is not always positive
- AO3: too broad a view
- Bottom-up approach
- Smart (2007)
- Weaknesses of Marxist, feminist and functionalist theories of the family
- Functionalists
- AO3: Other feminists criticise liberal feminists for failing to challenge the underlying causes of women's oppression
- HAPs Ffunctionalist: Fletcher (1966)
- HAPs Marxist feminists: Benston (1972), Feeley (1972), Beechey (1986), Hartmann (1981)
- HAPs Left-wing feminists: Barrett and McIntosh (1982)
- HAPs Liberal feminists: Friedan (1963), Oakley (1974)
- HAPs Radical feminists: Millett (1970), Firestone (1970)
- HAPs Difference (third wave) feminists: Collins (2004), Katz and Monk (1993)
- HAPs Post-structuralist feminist: Butler (1992)
- HAPs Post-feminists: Faludi (1992), Purdy (1997)
- Mr Poulin 2017
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