The Social Approach

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  • The Social Approach
    • PILIAVIN
      • Aim
      • Research Method
      • Variables
        • DV
        • IV
      • Controls
      • Sample
        • 4,450 Passengers
        • 45% were Black
        • 55% were White
  • 1) If an ill person would get more help than a drunk person
  • 2) If people would help someone of their own race more than some
  • 3) If the intervention of a model would influence others helping behaviour
  • 4) If size of group is influences helping behaviour
  • Field Experiment
    • Experiment conducted in a natural environment
      • There was an IV and a DV
    • There was an IV and a DV
  • 1) Type of victim (ill or drunk)
  • 2) Race of victim
  • 3) Presence of helping models
  • 4) Size of witnessing group (Naturally occurring but still an IV
  • 1) Verbal Comments
  • 2) Number and speed of helpers
  • 3) Race and gender of helpers
  • 4) Movement out of area
  • Model wearing the same thing
  • Time of day
  • Train route kept the same (59th > 125th)
  • Where they fell > Critical Area
  • Where the observers sat > Adjacent area
  • Four people in each group
  • Sampling Method
    • Opportunity Sampling
    • Observed people on the train at the train
  • Fairly Diverse - Even mixture of Black and White people
    • Strengths of the sample
  • Time of day is bias as passengers will mostly consist of unemployed, young or older people..
    • Weaknesses of the sample
      • Same train journey for 3 months.
        • Time of day is bias as passengers will mostly consist of unemployed, young or older people..
          • Weaknesses of the sample
            • Same train journey for 3 months.
              • If passengers see the experiment twice they may see demand characteristics
        • If passengers see the experiment twice they may see demand characteristics
  • Strengths of obtaining the sample this way
    • Quick and easy
      • Wider range of people
        • Less likely to see demand characteristics
  • Weaknesses of obtaining the sample this way
    • Breaking ethical guidelines
      • Didnt get their consent

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