The reign of Alexander III 1881-1894
- Created by: katiewalters
- Created on: 19-02-15 11:01
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- The reign of Alexander III 1881-1894
- What problems did he face?
- Weak economy
- Industry and agriculture backward
- Weak and underdeveloped army
- National morale low
- Humiliating Crimean War
- Difficult empire to rule over
- Different regions/ languages
- He lacked political skills; knowledge; experience
- People want more reforms
- Laws; rights; economy; democracy; education
- Dangerous ideas entering Russia
- E.g. Marxism; Socialism; Anarchism
- Opposition groups growing
- Weak economy
- The Reaction
- Sacked reforming ministers
- The Statute of State Security law was passed
- Political opponents arrested and trialled without a jury
- Offenders exiled to Siberia
- Foreign books and newspapers censored to keep out foreign ideas
- Press freedoms restricted
- Relied on Pobedonostev whose slogan was Autocracy, Orthadoxy, Nationality
- 1889: Land Captains introduced to help rule Russia - placed restrictions on people's political involvement
- Rights and privileges of Russian Orthadox Church placed above others
- Primary schools came under church control
- Russification - in 1885 Russia became the official language
- Anti-Semitism common in Russia
- Jews lost their rights
- Pogroms carried out against Jewish communities which led to radical group the 'Bund'
- Uni fees raised
- Okhrana became powerful and feared
- Political and social change
- Nikolai Bunge Finance Minister 1881-87
- Reduced tax burden on peasants
- Formed Peasant Land Bank but it was too small to be effective
- Ivan Vyshnegradsky Finance Minister 1831-95
- Offered financial incentives for peasants to migrate to SIberia which took pressure off the demand for land
- Financed economic development from foreign loans
- Protected domestic industries with high tariffs
- 1891: famine killed 2million
- Nikolai Bunge Finance Minister 1881-87
- What problems did he face?
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