The Lungs
- Created by: ashleigh
- Created on: 12-01-15 18:06
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- The Lungs
- Inspiration
- 5. this requires energy as it is an active process
- 4. air is forces in
- 3. Thorax volume increases andlung pressure decreases
- 2. rib cage moves upwards and outwards and diaphragm flattens
- 1. Intercostal muscles and diaphragm contract
- 2. rib cage moves upwards and outwards and diaphragm flattens
- 3. Thorax volume increases andlung pressure decreases
- 4. air is forces in
- 5. this requires energy as it is an active process
- Expiration
- 5. does not require energy- not an active process
- 4. air is pushed out
- 3. thorax volume decreases and lung pressure increases
- 2. rib cage moves inwards and downwards and diaphragm curves again
- 1. intercostal muscles and diaphragm relax
- 2. rib cage moves inwards and downwards and diaphragm curves again
- 3. thorax volume decreases and lung pressure increases
- 4. air is pushed out
- 5. does not require energy- not an active process
- Alveoli
- Large number of them in the lungs- big surface area for exchange of gases
- surrounded by a network of capilaries
- O2 diffuses out over the alveolar epithelium and capillary endothelium into the haemoglobin in the blood
- CO2 diffuses into the alveoli from the blood.
- How are they adapted for gas exchange?
- Thin exchange surface area- ONe cell thick for faster diffusion rate
- A large number= large surface area for gas exchange
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- Pulmonary ventilation
- Tidal volume x ventilation rate
- Lung disorders
- Asthma
- Allergens are inhaled
- Stimulate muscles in bronchioles to constrict airways
- More mucus secreted- further constriction.
- as a result- smaller vol of air so less O2 in blood
- Pulmonary Fibrosis
- caused by inhaling fine dust over a long period of time
- fine dust gets into aleveoli macrophages and engulfs them they sstimulate fibrous tissues to form into fibrous nodules
- effects lungs ability to expand and recoil, so breathing is ashallow, tissues dont recieved as much O2
- Emphysema
- Usually caused by smoking
- stimulates white blood cells to produce digestive enzymes that break down alveoli walls so there are less of them
- Less surface area for gas exchange- less O2 in blood and not enough for tissues to respire, less energy available
- Tuberculosis
- Caused by bacterium
- SpSpreads in the air- aerosol
- Coughing, chest pains, fever can be treat with antibiotics but bacteria can remain in the body for months/ yeards
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- Lung Cancer
- Strong correlation between lung cancer and smoking
- Asthma
- Inspiration
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