The cognitive approach
- Created by: Hannah Jeffery
- Created on: 27-04-14 13:16
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- The cognitive approach
- Maladaptive behaviour is caused by faulty and irrational thinking
- assumptions
- behaviour is influenced by schemata
- the Schemata developed on the bias of early experience thinking
- traumatic or negative experiences may lead to the development of a negative schemata
- negative schemata leads to negative automatic thoughts
- negative automatic thoughts can be explained by the cognitive bias which creates a negative outlook on life
- minimisation
- successes are supressed eg a good exam would be put down to luck on the day
- maximisation
- exaggerating the smallest of failures
- eg failing to complete a word search
- exaggerating the smallest of failures
- selective abstraction
- focusing on the negative aspects of life and not seeing the bigger picture
- eg messing up a question in an exam and thinking that you've messed up the whole paper
- focusing on the negative aspects of life and not seeing the bigger picture
- minimisation
- negative automatic thoughts can be explained by the cognitive bias which creates a negative outlook on life
- because widely accepted after computers created models of how the brain might work to back it up
- Beck's model of depression
- this involves three negative schema
- negative view of self
- 'im incompetent and undeserving'
- Negative view of the world
- 'the world is a terrible place'
- negative view of the future
- 'problems will always cause me emotional pain'
- the negative triad
- negative view of self
- attributions
- our interpretations to why things happen
- internal- person blames their seld
- external- person blames those around them
- stable- things will always be this way
- unstable- things will change and might even get better
- global- this failure can be applied to all other situations
- this failure can only be applied to this situation
- this involves three negative schema
- Ellis's ABC model
- activating agent
- eg a spider
- beliefs
- rational - spider is harmless
- irrational- spider is a threat
- consequences
- undesirable emotions- fear
- undesirable behaviour- runs away from the spider
- desirable emotions- no change in emotion
- desirable behaviour
- carry on around the spider
- desirable behaviour
- undesirable emotions- fear
- activating agent
- evaluation
- the idea for schemata and how it develops is vague and lacks detail
- takes no account foe biological or genetic factors
- in some disorders the maladaptive behaviour is a consequence not a cause eg depression
- depressive realism
- negative thoughts and beliefs can be a rational reflection of reality rather than irrational or maladaptive thoughts
- Focuses o current thoughts, doesn't go into the unconscious and bring back difficult memories
- due to an individuals faulty thinking which empowers them to do something about it and take control
- can place unfair blame on the individual eg with depressive realism
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