The Yom Kippur War 6-24 Oct 1973
- Created by: joe_beck0
- Created on: 08-04-17 14:03
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- The Yom Kippur War 6-24 Oct 1973
- Attrition on the Canal, 1970
- Egypt continually shelled Israelis on the other side of the canal bank
- Egypt's aim was to bleed the Israelis too death, so they wouldn't be able to sustain themselves
- Golda Meir, Israeli PM
- Replaced Eshkol and she visited Nixon, who promised weapons.
- Israeli aircraft bombed Egypt in a series of attacks deep into Egypt
- Nasser (Egypt) & the USSR
- The riots forced Nasser to seek support from Russia who gave him modern weapons - SAMs & Sagger missile
- Golda Meir & the USA
- USA were concerned that continuous Israeli attacks on Egypt could drag her into a cross with Russia
- Nasser Dies: August 1970 (Anwar Sadat)
- Aims: to regain the Sinai & Suez Canal. Sadat concluded that if he could attack Israel he might provoke a situation which would force Israel to the negotiations table
- Egypt (Sadat) prepares for war
- To build a dense missile wall of 130 bases along the Suez Canal
- Sadat built up Egypt's with other Arab states including Syria
- Israel were not concerned as her 1967 victories had left her with a low opinion of Egyptian forces
- Arab Successes: Egypt and Syria attack Israel
- On 6 Oct, they attack Israel whilst they are celebrating Yom kippur (the day of the Jewish religious festival)
- Egyptian commanders and 500 tanks cross the canal and advance into the Sinai, having passed the Bar-Lev line
- Syria at the same time, overwhelm Israelis on the Golan Heights, using 500 tanks
- Egypt use SAMs and Sagger missiles to shoot down Israeli tanks in the Sinai
- Israeli counter-attack
- 10th Oct: Israel regroup and strike back against the Syrians in the Golan Heights
- Russia sent more weapons to Egypt & Syria, so the US sent weapons to the Israelis
- Egypt continued to push in the Sinai, beyond their cover of their SAMs. This resulted in a huge tank battle of 2000 tanks which Israel win
- Roles of US & USSR
- USA: On 20 Oct, Soviets invited Henry Kissinger to Moscow to discuss a cease-fire agreed on 22 Oct
- After the battles the super-powers demanded that there was a cease-fire as they were worried about being pulled into the conflict
- USSR: However, on the 23rd Oct, one side broke the cease-fire and threatened to advance on Cairo.
- USSR tells USA it would step in to save Egypt so USA ordered 'DEF CON 3'
- Outcomes of War
- Meir resigns and Dayan fired
- Israel suffered heavy unsustainable losses of 280,000 dead & 8000 wounded lost 120 planes & 500 tanks
- Egypt lost 11,000 dead, 700 tanks and Syria lost 5,000 dead, 1,100 tanks
- Although defeated, the Arabs had shown that Israel if not invincible and Israels confidence had been severely knocked
- The Oil Weapon
- 10 Arab states held 75% of oil reserves and 50% of world's supply
- Production cut by 5% a month for Israel until they withdrew from their occupied territories
- Supplies of oil to the USA & Europe had also stopped
- It persuaded USA to put pressure on Israel to find a settlement to the war
- Attrition on the Canal, 1970
- Nasser (Egypt) & the USSR
- The riots forced Nasser to seek support from Russia who gave him modern weapons - SAMs & Sagger missile
- Roles of US & USSR
- USA: On 20 Oct, Soviets invited Henry Kissinger to Moscow to discuss a cease-fire agreed on 22 Oct
- After the battles the super-powers demanded that there was a cease-fire as they were worried about being pulled into the conflict
- USSR: However, on the 23rd Oct, one side broke the cease-fire and threatened to advance on Cairo.
- USSR tells USA it would step in to save Egypt so USA ordered 'DEF CON 3'
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