The Glorious Revolution
- Created by: SGriffin49
- Created on: 28-06-21 10:11
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- The Glorious Revolution
- Support for James II
- Charles II died in 1685 and had no legitimate male children. He only had a Catholic brother, James, who became James II.
- James II wanted to restore the Catholic religion. He gave Catholics important jobs and in 1688 his Declaration of Indulgence allowed Catholics to worship freely.
- Following the Declaration of Indulgence, Parliament split into 2 groups.
- The Whigs who did not want James II on the throne.
- The Tories who did not think it was their job to stop James II.
- The Duke of Monmouth (an illegitimate son of Charles II) rebelled against James II. His rebellion failed and he was executed.
- James did not have a male heir to begin with so the Protestants were hoping to put a protestant on the throne when he died. However, he eventually had a son.
- The Protestants began a rumour that James' son was not actually his and that he had been smuggled into the palace.
- People were asking for James' Protestant daughter, Mary and her husband William of Orange to take the throne.
- William of Orange
- In 1688 William of Orange sailed to England in an attempt to invade and take the throne.
- James II lost his nerve and fled to France, the throne was offered to both William and Mary. William of Orange became William III.
- James II still had some supporters in Scotland, Ireland and France. His supporters became known as Jacobites.
- What was the Glorious Revolution?
- When William became King the Protestants declared it a Glorious Revolution.
- Catholics did not agree with the Protestants and felt that the throne had been stolen from James and he still had a right to it.
- William had to agree to the Bill of Rights in 1689 which ensured that monarchs could not become too powerful.
- By signing the Bill of Rights, William and Mary could not raise taxes without Parliament's permission.
- The Monarch could not raise an army in peacetime without Parliament's permission
- By signing the Bill of Rights, William and Mary agreed that there should be freedom of speech in Parliament.
- In 1701 the Act of Settlement made Parliament even stronger and said that the British monarch could never be Catholic.
- This began a new kind of monarchy. One where Parliament had more power than the monarch.
- Impact on Ireland
- James II tried to lead an Irish Rebellion
- After escaping to France, James II went to Ireland to raise an army. He had 7000 soldiers with him from the King of France.
- The Catholics in Ireland supported James as they had been treated well under his rule. They wanted to help him get back on the throne.
- James was successful at first, but was eventually defeated by William's army at the Battle of the Boyne in 1690.
- Following the Glorious Revolution, The Catholics in Ireland lost a lot of land. In 1640 they owned 60% and by 1689 they owned just 20%.
- The Treaty of Limerick in 1691 allowed some religious freedom to Irish Catholics and gave them some of their land back. These promises were eventually broken.
- Impact on Scotland
- Extreme Protestants in Scotland, called Presbyterians wanted the Glorious Revolution to go even further.
- Catholic Highlanders however, supported James II and were prepared to fight William of Orange.
- Things initially went bad for William in the Highlands. James' supporters won at the Battle of Killiecrankie in July 1689 led by the Viscount of Dundee.
- The Viscount of Dundee was killed at Killiecrankie which weakened Scottish forces.
- Highlanders were from different families (clans) and there was some infighting- they were not well organised or unified. William was able to bribe some chiefs to stop fighting him.
- In 1692, William's supporters massacred a whole clan, the MacDonalds. His opponents used this news to make him even more unpopular.
- Even after William had won, there were still many Jacobites in Scotland.
- Support for James II
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