Genome and Proteinsynthesis
- Created by: esunderland116
- Created on: 28-04-20 10:40
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- The Genome and Protein Synthesis
- Proteins are synthesised on ribosomes, according to a template
- In the nucleus enzymes make a copy of the DNA strand called mRNA
- mRNA moves from the nucleus and attaches to a ribosome in the cytoplasm where it acts as a template for the synthesis of proteins
- tRNA carrier molecules bring specific amino acids to add to the growing protein chain in the correct order according to the bases on the mRNA template
- 3 bases on mRNA code for the specific amino acids carried by the tRNA
- When the protein chain is complete it folds to form a unique shape. This allows proteins to do their job as enzymes, hormones or new structures such as colllagen
- 3 bases on mRNA code for the specific amino acids carried by the tRNA
- tRNA carrier molecules bring specific amino acids to add to the growing protein chain in the correct order according to the bases on the mRNA template
- mRNA moves from the nucleus and attaches to a ribosome in the cytoplasm where it acts as a template for the synthesis of proteins
- When the protein chain is complete it folds to form a unique shape. This allows proteins to do their job as enzymes, hormones or new structures such as colllagen
- In the nucleus enzymes make a copy of the DNA strand called mRNA
- The Genome is the entire genetic material of an organism.
- The whole human genome has now been studied
- This is of great importance for future medical developments
- Searching for genes linked to different types of disease
- Understanding and treatment of inherited disorders.
- Tracing migration patterns from the past
- Structure of DNA and RNA
- In all living cells, DNA holds genetic information and RNA transfers genetic information from DNA to ribosomes
- Ribosomes are formed from RNA and proteins.
- Both DNA and RNA are polymers of nucleotides
- General Structure of Proteins
- Amino acids are the monomers from which proteins are made
- A condensation reaction between two amino acids forms a peptide bond
- The primary structure of a proteins is the order of amino acids in the polypeptide
- This coils and folds, forming hydrogen bonds which hold the secondary structure in place
- The tertiary structure contains hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds and disulphide bridges
- The quarternary structure is made up of different polypeptide chains and may contain a non protein group
- Proteins are synthesised on ribosomes, according to a template
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