The Acts passed for American West
- Created by: Freya Graynoth
- Created on: 11-05-19 09:09
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- The Act/ boundaries/ laws passed on American West
- 1830's
- Settlers
- 1834- Indian Trade and Intercourse Act p16
- said land west of Mississippi R was NA's but not in 3 states
- stopped W settle on NA's land
- stopped sale of guns and alcohol to NA
- Frontier guarded by army with forts
- 1834- Indian Trade and Intercourse Act p16
- Restrain Indians
- 1834- Permanent Indian Frontier p16
- separate W and NA
- 1830- Indian Removal Act p16
- pressured 46,000 NA's to move W of Mississippi R
- promised land for ever in Indian territory
- protected from NA's already there and settlers
- 1834- Permanent Indian Frontier p16
- Settlers
- 1840's
- 1850's
- Restrain Indians
- 1851- Fort Laramie Treaty p28
- aim to stop conflicts between NA and US and guarantee safe access for migrants across NA's lands, and for them to live on 5 fixed territories
- Some problems when negotiating
- Choosing council representatives
- getting representatives for all tribes
- agreeing boundaries
- translation problems
- first step towards reservations
- saying migrants could travel undermined Permanent Indian Frontier
- gov pay annuities to compensate
- saying migrants could travel undermined Permanent Indian Frontier
- 1851-Indians Appropriations Act p17
- gov pay NA to move onto reservations
- hunting lands allocated
- by reducing land hoped become farmers
- 1851- Dakota Sioux bands signed treaty p63
- gave up land to move to 2 reservations and get money
- thought would give security to NA
- problems
- before treaty built debt with traders and before received money had to pay debt, they refused so gave gov excuse to not pay
- reservations not enough food for winter so when left punished by not getting annuity
- traders cheat NA's with with holding and then high prices
- settlers taking land
- conflicts as raids of storhouses to get prvisions
- gave up land to move to 2 reservations and get money
- 1851- Fort Laramie Treaty p28
- Settlers
- 1851- Fort Laramie Treaty p28
- aim to stop conflicts between NA and US and guarantee safe access for migrants across NA's lands, and for them to live on 5 fixed territories
- Some problems when negotiating
- Choosing council representatives
- getting representatives for all tribes
- agreeing boundaries
- translation problems
- first step towards reservations
- saying migrants could travel undermined Permanent Indian Frontier
- gov pay annuities to compensate
- saying migrants could travel undermined Permanent Indian Frontier
- 1851- Fort Laramie Treaty p28
- Cattle and Ranchers
- 1855- Quarantine law in Missouri blocks Texas Cattle p49
- cowboys herded cattle on drives through land
- Texas fever killed Missouri cow so farmers against them crossing
- 1855- Quarantine law in Missouri blocks Texas Cattle p49
- Conflict
- 1851- Dakota Sioux bands signed treaty p63
- gave up land to move to 2 reservations and get money
- thought would give security to NA
- problems
- before treaty built debt with traders and before received money had to pay debt, they refused so gave gov excuse to not pay
- reservations not enough food for winter so when left punished by not getting annuity
- traders cheat NA's with with holding and then high prices
- settlers taking land
- conflicts as raids of storhouses to get prvisions
- gave up land to move to 2 reservations and get money
- 1851- Dakota Sioux bands signed treaty p63
- Restrain Indians
- 1860's
- Restrain Indians
- 1861- Treaty of Fort Wise p64
- Fort Laramie Treaty 1864 broken when prospectors crossing land + wanted NA to move onto reservations
- Black Kettle agree to move to reservation but many rejected it so conflict
- after 3yrs conflict BK and gov try to get agreement
- believing under army protection goes to Sand Creek
- Sand Creek Masscare
- believing under army protection goes to Sand Creek
- after 3yrs conflict BK and gov try to get agreement
- 1868- 2nd Fort Laramie Treaty p66
- Due to Red Clouds success gov agreed to close Bozeman trail and take NA to reservation
- recognised this reservation just for Sioux
- Some did not want to sign treaty
- 1861- Treaty of Fort Wise p64
- Settlers
- 1862- Homestead Act p39
- promoted settlement on W, gave incentives to claim land
- before divided land into too big pieces = people couldn't afford it so now 160 acres + only $10 to claim
- most could get claim, limit of 1 persons claims, after 5 yrs with house + crops= $30= own homestead outright = proving up
- meant W settled on and encouraged immigration from Europe
- problems
- only 40% proved up
- W bought land from raialroad companies
- meant employees gave rights to employer = v. rich few
- many sold land for profit
- 1862- Homestead Act p39
- Transport
- 1862- Pacific Railroad Act p39
- split the job of building train for 2 companies
- stop NA's rights to land along routes
- gov loaning money to companies
- giving land along tracks for companies to sell
- 1862- Pacific Railroad Act p39
- Conflicts
- 1868- P. Grant peace policy p 62
- aim to stop conflict between NA and army
- replace corrupt reservation agents with quakers
- Appoint Ely Parker as commissioner of Indian Affairs
- $2 million to care for NA and force onto reservations
- If not on reservation = hostile and attacked
- aim to stop conflict between NA and army
- 1868- P. Grant peace policy p 62
- Restrain Indians
- 1870's
- Settlers
- 1873- Timber Culture Act p46
- Correcting Homestead Act
- allow settlers to collect further 160 acres if planted trees on 1/4
- loop holes: people claimed and sold for profit later
- 1873- Timber Culture Act p46
- Restrain Indians
- 1871 Indian Appropriation Act p62
- No NA nation is independent who can have contracts with gov
- prev treaties still there but easier for gov to take land (not under treaty) and give to settlers
- No NA nation is independent who can have contracts with gov
- 1871 Indian Appropriation Act p62
- Settlers
- 1880's
- Settlers
- 1885- P. Cleveland orders settlers to stay out of Indian Territory p71
- Restraining Indians
- 1887- Dawes Act p95
- like Homestead Act for NA families
- given 160 acres of reservation land
- NA's who took offer and left reservation could be US citizens
- all land left over = can be sold to whites often railroad and land speculator
- made life for NA's impossible: lost 1/2 lands, allotments = rubbish land
- most gave up and sold to W= landless
- made life for NA's impossible: lost 1/2 lands, allotments = rubbish land
- all land left over = can be sold to whites often railroad and land speculator
- so: break up chiefs power, make farmers, make US citizens, land for W, reduce cost of reservation system
- NA's who took offer and left reservation could be US citizens
- given 160 acres of reservation land
- like Homestead Act for NA families
- 1887- Dawes Act p95
- Settlers
- 1890's
- Settlers
- 1890- US census office say Indian Frontier has ended p88/96
- as settled all over states made in west
- cities, railroads, mining, cattle towns
- as settled all over states made in west
- 1890- US census office say Indian Frontier has ended p88/96
- Restraining Indians
- 1890- US census office say Indian Frontier has ended p88/96
- as settled all over states made in west
- cities, railroads, mining, cattle towns
- as settled all over states made in west
- 1890- US census office say Indian Frontier has ended p88/96
- Settlers
- 1900's
- 1830's
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