Tectonic Hazards Case Study

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  • Tectonic Hazards: Case Study Revision
    • Volcano
      • Mount Merapi:  Indonesia October 2010
        • Geographical Theory: *LEDC – Mt Merapi, Indonesia *Composite volcano with a cone shape. Formed from layers of lava and ash *Located at a destructive plate boundary, where the Indo-Australian subducts under the Eurasian plate.
        • Primary Effects: *273 died *577 injured  *Ash fell 30km away and volcanic bombs hit the surrounding area.
        • Secondary Effects: *Emergency shelters had to be moved as they were too close *Food prices increased due to destroyed crops.
        • Immediate Response: *210 evacuation centres – mostly tents *1,600 volunteers *Red Cross and other NGOs helped.
        • Long Term Response: *Compensation to farmers *Formal shelters were eventually set up. 
      • How can they be managed?
        • Monitoring: *Seismometers *Gas Sampling *Ground Temperature measurements *Tilt meters.
        • Protection: Lava channels
        • Prediction: *Quakes, Ash clouds Can glow at night *Magma rises within a volcano. 
        • Planning: *Evacuation maps/plans*Train emergency services *Create exclusion zones. 
      • Eyja-fjalla-jokull Iceland March/April 2010
        • Geographical Theory: *MEDC - Eyjafjallajökull, Iceland *Shield volcano with shallow slopes  *Located at a constructive plate boundary as the North American and Eurasian plates pull apart.
        • Primary Effects: *Ash blocked out the sun and caused breathing difficulties *Lack of water – due to gas in the air
        • Secondary Effects: *100,000 flights were cancelled *Sporting events cancelled throughout Europe.
        • Immediate Response: *Cancelled flights to avoid an accident.
        • Long Tern Response: *Roads were reconstructed *Protective walls replaced.

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