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  • PROTESTANT-EUCHARIST
    • Consubstansiation
      • The word has been in the English language since the late 16thcentury to describe a doctrine put forward by Protestant Reformers.
        • The bread and wine do not changewhen consecrated by the Priest. They remain bread and wine. Jesus is Spiritually present‘with them, in them and under them’. The bread ‘co-exists’  with his body and the wine with his blood.
      • The prefix conmeans ‘with’. So consubstantiation means that the body and bread co-existwith the substance of the bread and wine.
    • Memorialism
      • Zwingli
        • 1484-1531
      • there's no real presence of Christ in the sacrament and taught that the bread and wine do not communicate him to the recipient.
        • They are symbolic representations of his body and blood.
        • Luke 22:19 – “Do this in remembrance of me”. It is a commemorative ceremony when people remember Jesus’ sacrifice. Jesus is only present to the degree he is brought to mind as people take the bread and wine.
    • Virtualism
      • John Calvin
        • 1509-1564
      • He taught the doctrine of predestination, which asserted that God even before he created the world, had chosen some people, whom Calvin called ‘the elect’, to receive salvation, while the rest were left to continue in their sins and receive eternal damnation!
      • Christ’s body is not present because of Ascension (Acts 1:9-11). Christ’s unique power (virtusin Latin) is in the bread and wine, but this power is only receive by the elect. It is also known as ‘receptionsim’

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