Specialised Cells and Tissues
- Created by: thiamoorhouse
- Created on: 08-06-21 21:44
View mindmap
- Specialised Cells and Tissues
- Animals
- Cells
- Erythrocytes
- Transport oxygen around the body
- Flattened bioconcave shape to increase SA:Vol
- No nuclei or organelles to increase space for haemoglobin
- Well developed cytoskeleton for flexibility to squeeze through narrow capillaries
- Neutrophils
- Essential in the destruction of pathogens
- Multi lobed nuclei to allow flexibility to squeeze through gaps to reach infection
- Granular cytoplasm contains lysosomes that contain enzymes to attack pathogens
- Sperm Cells
- Deliver genetic information to the female gamete
- Have a flagellum so they can swim
- Contain lots of mitochondria to supply energy needed to swim
- Acrosome on the head contains digestive enzymes to digest the protective layers around the ovum
- Erythrocytes
- Tissues
- Squamos Epithilium
- Made of specialised squamos epithelial cells that are only one cell thick and are flat so is thin
- Found where rapid diffusion across a surface is needed
- Ciliated Epithilium
- Made of ciliated epithelial cells with hair like structures on surface that move
- Lines trachea to move mucus away from lungs
- Goblet cells present to secrete mucus
- Cartilage
- Made of fibres of elastin and collagen so is a flexible connective tissue
- Found in outer ear, nose and at end and between bones to prevent them rubbing together
- Skeletal Muscle
- Made of skeletal muscle fibres containing microfibrils which contain contractile proteins separated by connective tissue
- Found in muscles which are attached to bone
- Squamos Epithilium
- Cells
- Plants
- Cells
- Palisade Cell
- Absorb light energy for photosynthesis
- Long, thin, rectangular shape so can be closely packed at the top of leaf in a layer
- Have thin walls to increase diffusion of carbon dioxide
- Large vacuole to maintain turgor pressure
- Chloroplast can move in cytoplasm to absorb more light
- Root Hair Cell
- Absorb water and mineral ions from soil
- At surface of roots near tips to absorb ions from soil
- Large surface area to absorb more ions
- Lots of mitochondria to transfer energy for active transport
- Guard Cell
- Control opening and closing of stomata
- Change shape due to water which closes the stoma
- Cell wall is thicker on one side so cell doesn't change shape symmetrically as it's volume changes
- Palisade Cell
- Tissues
- Epidermis
- Made of a single layer of closely packed cells and covered by waterproof cuticle to reduce water loss
- Stomata present to allow carbon dioxide, oxygen and water vapour in and out
- Found on the surface of plants
- Xylem Tissue
- Made of vessel elements - elongated dead cells
- Walls of cells are strengthened by waterproof lignin which provides structural support and strength
- Found in plants to transport water and minerals through plant
- Phloem Tissue
- Made of columns of sieve tube cells separated by sieve plates
- Found in plants to transport sucrose from leaves and stems to all parts of plant
- Epidermis
- Cells
- Animals
Comments
No comments have yet been made