RSV
- Created by: Emilyburkee
- Created on: 31-12-22 16:13
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- Respiratory Syncytial Virus
- history and brief epidemiology
- RSV is the most common cause of respiratory infection in infants and young children
- Virtually all infected by age 2
- Reinfected throughout life
- Very young, very old and immunocompromised most at risk
- Virology
- an enveloped, neg-sense, ssRNA virus
- divided into 2 subtypes A and B (based on F and G protein)
- Virions are pleomorphic 10 genes encoding 11 proteins
- multiple different shapes
- RSV diagnosis and treatment
- PCR and rapid antigen tests
- treatment = isolation
- no vaccine and no treatment
- one prophylactic- palivizumab (monocolonal antibody)
- Pathogenesis
- causes syncytia
- Runny nose, cough and wheeze
- Infection results in inflammation, infiltration of inflammatory cells
- (neutrophils, monocytes), increased mucous production, sloughed cells.
- Innate antiviral mechanisms
- Cell apoptosis. Extrinsic: TRAIL binding to death receptor 4/5Intrinsic: BCL-2 proteins localising to mitochondria
- Cell Stress ER stress Transcriptional stress Oxidative stress
- Innate immune responses
- Virus recognised through NOD-like receptors (NLRs), Toll-like receptors (TLRs), RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs)
- Signal through adapter proteins to activate interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) and NF-kB
- Type I and type III Interferon and other cytokines produced
- RSV can be sensed by: RIG-I, MDA5, NOD2. Which signal through mitochondrial antiviral signalling protein (MAVS)TLRs (2, 4, 6 on cell membrane; 3 and 7 on endosomal membranes) signal via MyD88 or TRIF.
- Activation of IRFs and NF-kB to induce interferons (and other cytokines). IFNs bind to receptors and activate the JAK-STAT pathway resulting in hundreds of ISGs
- history and brief epidemiology
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