Introduction to Neuroscience
- Created by: jessica
- Created on: 14-12-12 11:09
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- Introduction to Neuroscience
- Axons
- carry output of neurons
- collaterals are axon branches
- end in terminal bouton
- where neurotransmitters are stored in vesicles
- post mitotic so cant go through cell division
- Synapses and Neurotransmitters
- electrical impulses converted to chemical across synaptic cleft
- main neurotransmitters are GABA, glutamate, serine, histadine
- amino acids, amides and peptides form neurotransmitters
- Gray's type 1 synapse is asymetrical and excitatory
- Gray's type 2 synapse is symmetrical and inhibitory
- Somatosensory system
- Five basic tastes-saltiness, sourness, sweetness, bitterness,umami
- Untitled
- Types of neuron
- Sensory neuron
- Projection neuron-long axon connecting with sense organs/muscles
- Motor neuron-axons branch forming many terminals
- interneurons-short axons that only connect with other neurons
- unpolar neuron, bipolar neuron or multipolar neuron
- Neurons
- sense changes in environment and communicates to other neurons, commanding responses
- Axons
- carry output of neurons
- collaterals are axon branches
- end in terminal bouton
- where neurotransmitters are stored in vesicles
- post mitotic so cant go through cell division
- Neuronal membrane 5nm thick with ion pump proteins and channel proteins
- Action potentials
- brief reversal of the resting potential
- lasts about 2msec
- Equilibrium potentials calculated using Nernst equation
- Eion=2.303RT/zF log conc.ion0/conc,ion1
- Goldman equation calculates the resting membrane potential
- 61.54mVlogPk(K+) +PNa(Na+)/Pk(K+)1 + PNa(NA+)1=Vm
- caused by depolarization of membrane beyond threshold level
- follows ohm's law I=gV
- brief reversal of the resting potential
- Nervous system
- PNS-Peripheral Nervous System made of nerves, nerve cells outside of brain and spinal cord
- CNS-central nervous system made of cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem and spinal cord
- Ventral roots-motor fibres only
- Dorsal roots-sensory fibres only
- Brain basics
- gyri and sulci/fissures parcel the cerebrum into lobes
- Sylvian fissure divides frontal and temporal lobe
- central sulcus divides frontal lobe from parietal lobe with the occipital lobe at the back of the brain
- White and grey matter
- Forebrain, Midbrain and Hindbrain
- Midbrain-Vision
- tectum, superior colliculi, inferior colliculi, dopamine nuclei, substantia nigra
- Hindbrain-vibration (hearing)
- Forebrain-Chemical senses
- thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus, pineal organ
- Midbrain-Vision
- Anterior/Rostral point forwards
- Posterior/Caudal points backwards
- Dorsal points upwards
- Ventral points downwards
- Posterior/Caudal points backwards
- gyri and sulci/fissures parcel the cerebrum into lobes
- Glia
- insulating/ supporting/ nourishing cell for neurons
- Astrocyte, microglia, radial glia and oligodendroglia are the types of glia present
- G protein coupled effector systems
- secondary messenger system
- Dendrites
- Neurons
- sense changes in environment and communicates to other neurons, commanding responses
- Neuronal membrane 5nm thick with ion pump proteins and channel proteins
- receive incoming signals/ input
- Some have spines
- dendritic tree
- Neurons
- Eye
- visual input
- rods and cones are the sensory receptio
- Axons
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