Ancient Philosophy: Plato
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- Created by: Jenson Truckle
- Created on: 08-12-17 18:26
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- RS - Ancient Philosophy: Plato
- REALM OF THE FORMS
- Truth
- Form of the good
- Beauty
- The analogy of the Cake - how can someone know what the perfect cake to bake looks like if they've never seen it.
- Ayer - it is a primitive assumption to assume that 'Good' or 'Beauty' corresponds to something in reality.
- Beauty
- Form of the good
- Form of the good
- Beauty
- The analogy of the Cake - how can someone know what the perfect cake to bake looks like if they've never seen it.
- Ayer - it is a primitive assumption to assume that 'Good' or 'Beauty' corresponds to something in reality.
- Beauty
- THE FORMS: Permanent, unchanging, non-material
- Souls: Eternal, without beginning or end.
- Souls trapped in bodies
- REALM OF APPEARANCES
- Copies of forms
- Transient and impermanent.
- Knowledge, opinion, education is all memory.
- Objections:
- Aristotle; He knew the world was round just by looking at how the shadow on the moon is round. He learnt more things than Plato and his method of observation proved to be useful.
- Empiricists; Locke, Hume and Berkeley. No empirical evidence for the forms etc.
- Popper - Plato cannot find certainty in our world of change, He thinks it must exist somewhere else.
- Objections:
- Only philosophers can see through appearances.
- Philosophers should rule
- In our world we need eyes to see things and light from the sun to illuminate it - in the RoF we need 'the minds eye' or intellect to appreciate things.
- The 'Sun equivalent' is the Form of the Good (FoG) - the highest of the forms. Below it are other forms, e.g. Beauty, and then individual forms; chairs, tables, cakes.
- Copies of forms
- Our souls naturally belong in the RoF they are perfect and belong with perfection.
- For reasons unknown (unexplained by Plato) souls are trapped in bodies - we forget everything from the RoF
- REALM OF APPEARANCES
- Souls trapped in bodies
- Souls: Eternal, without beginning or end.
- Souls: Eternal, without beginning or end.
- Souls trapped in bodies
- REALM OF APPEARANCES
- Copies of forms
- Transient and impermanent.
- Knowledge, opinion, education is all memory.
- Objections:
- Aristotle; He knew the world was round just by looking at how the shadow on the moon is round. He learnt more things than Plato and his method of observation proved to be useful.
- Empiricists; Locke, Hume and Berkeley. No empirical evidence for the forms etc.
- Popper - Plato cannot find certainty in our world of change, He thinks it must exist somewhere else.
- Objections:
- Only philosophers can see through appearances.
- Philosophers should rule
- In our world we need eyes to see things and light from the sun to illuminate it - in the RoF we need 'the minds eye' or intellect to appreciate things.
- The 'Sun equivalent' is the Form of the Good (FoG) - the highest of the forms. Below it are other forms, e.g. Beauty, and then individual forms; chairs, tables, cakes.
- Copies of forms
- Our souls naturally belong in the RoF they are perfect and belong with perfection.
- For reasons unknown (unexplained by Plato) souls are trapped in bodies - we forget everything from the RoF
- REALM OF APPEARANCES
- Souls trapped in bodies
- Simile of the Cave. Prisoners in a cave - there is a path behind them with a fire behind that. They can only ever see the shadows of people walking past - they think this is how everything looks. One escapes and see the real world - the other don't believe him.
- Truth
- Aristotle's Objections to Plato's forms:
- If the forms are so important why do doctors/ politicians/etc not study them?
- Not everything can be perfect - Perfect health of a 72 year old is different to that of a 17 year old
- Numbers? Perfect 1? Infinite numbers = infinite forms.
- REALM OF THE FORMS
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