River Landscapes
- Created by: Sax boi
- Created on: 09-03-20 18:00
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- River Landscapes
- Erosion
- Vertical= Down
- Lateral=Sideways
- Types
- Hydraulic action=Water force
- Abrasion= Load
- Attrition= Stones on each other
- Solution= Mildly acidic water
- Transportation
- Types
- Traction=roll
- Saltation= bounce
- Suspension=Float
- Solution= Dissolved
- Types
- Landforms
- Upper Course
- Interlocking Spurs= Stream weaving through v-shaped valleys
- Waterfalls formed by different erosion
- Retreating waterfalls forms a gorge
- Middle Course
- Meanders constantly due to erosion
- Fastest flow goes to the outside bend
- Deposition on the inside bend e.g River Tees
- Lower Course
- Floodplain= Wide marshy are of land around of a river
- Made of alluvium from when the river floods
- Levee=Raised river bed
- Created by a build-up of sediment over years of flooding
- Estuary= Mouth enters the sea
- Floodplain= Wide marshy are of land around of a river
- Upper Course
- Drainage basin=area of land which is drained by a river
- Profile=Rivers become wider, faster, flatter, deeper over its course
- Flooding
- Flooding= When land normaly not under water becomes inundated/ overflows banks
- Decrease in infiltration
- Inrease surface runoff
- Physical Causes
- Torrential rainstorms
- Long periods of rain
- Impermeable rock
- Steep slopes
- High density of streams
- Human Causes
- Urbanisation
- Deforestation
- Agriculture
- Hydrograph=Shows time between peak rainfall and discharge
- Managing Floods
- Hard Engineering
- Hard engineering=Manmade structures to prevent or control natural processes
- Dams and reservoirs
- (Clywedog reservoir, Wales)
- Channel straightening
- Embank-ments
- Flood relief channels
- (Jubilee River, Maindenhead)
- Dams and reservoirs
- Impacts
- Negative
- Natural habitats
- People can loose homes when forced to move due to dam building
- Expensive
- If fails it causes big issues
- Negative
- Hard engineering=Manmade structures to prevent or control natural processes
- Soft Engineering
- Soft engineering=Working with natural processes to manage flood risk
- Land use zoning
- Meander restoration
- Preparing for floods
- Warnig, evacuation, plans, sandbags
- Soft engineering=Working with natural processes to manage flood risk
- Hard Engineering
- Bandury Flooding
- 1998 and 2007
- £12.5 million damage
- 150 homes and besinesses destroyed
- Actions
- Built an embankment 4.5m tall
- Imporved drains
- Raised road
- Pumping station
- Biodiversity action plan
- Impacts
- Positive
- Less disruption
- Lower risk of floods
- Houses and commercial properties protected
- Some areas allowed to flood
- Negative
- £18.5 million
- Earth taken to build embankment
- Positive
- Erosion
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