river landscape
- Created by: faz.momin
- Created on: 30-05-16 15:07
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- River Landscape
- 2.1 river processes produce distinction landforms
- Drainage basin in terms of watershed, confluence, tributary, source and mouth.
- Mass movement
- Slumping: large amount of land moving down a slope, mainly common in clay river banks. This is also due to gravity.
- Soil creep: This process is very slow and it is hard to see and notice. it is a downhill movement of soil. the water in the soil brings down the slope by gravity.
- 2.2 Flooding and flood prevention
- Physical causes of river flooding
- Nearly all the land in Bangladesh is only a few meters above sea level. it is also very flat
- The monsoon climate means that around 940mm of rainwater falls between the months June and August.
- The main rivers in Bangladesh have their sources in the Himalayas, melting snow can increase the volume of water in the river downstream.
- Human causes of river flooding
- Deforestation in the Himalayas increases the amount of water in the river and this also means rainwater reaches reaches the river quickly.
- There are now many buildings on the flood plains, meaning more impermeable surfaces
- Bangladesh is a poor country, this means that not much money can be invested in flood protection.
- Reducing impacts of flooding
- Education: this keeps people up to date with strategies and emergency plans.
- Planning: areas at risk from flooding are used for parks and leisure activities, to reduce the impact of flooding, this land is called land use zone, e.g Nome, Alaska
- Predictions: environmental agency (EA) and the US federal emergency management agency (FEMA) monitor rivers, they use this information to:
- Prevention in homes to reduce damage
- Install heating on upper floors
- use synthetic materials for windows
- use ceramic tiles instead of carpets
- Rise the height of electrical sockets, on wall.
- Physical causes of river flooding
- 2.3 River Management
- River Nene
- In 2002, 4m height walls were installed. this protected the local housing and the railway
- In 2003, the warning system was upgraded. this was to give residents a least 2 hours notice to evacuate
- In 2007, a wash-land was created in Upton. this was to hold water upstream and reduce risk of flooding in Northampton.
- River Nene
- 2.1 river processes produce distinction landforms
- Source: the point at which a river starts. This is usually high in the hills in v shaped valley.
- Tributary: is a stream or river which into a mainstream,(parent ) river and which does not flow directly into a sea.
- confluence: is the meeting of two or more bodies of. it usually refers to the point where a tributary joins a major river, mainstream.
- Watershed: this line seperates the drainage basin. It runs along a geographical barrier between drainage basins such as a hill or a mountain
- Mouth: The point at which a river ends. this is right out on the coast. At this point the river is slow flowing wide.
- Watershed: this line seperates the drainage basin. It runs along a geographical barrier between drainage basins such as a hill or a mountain
- confluence: is the meeting of two or more bodies of. it usually refers to the point where a tributary joins a major river, mainstream.
- Tributary: is a stream or river which into a mainstream,(parent ) river and which does not flow directly into a sea.
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- Hard engineering
- Embankment
- Advantages : limitations of flooding. The hard engineering
- Disadvantage: concrete embankments are ugly and soil view and embankments are often not high enoigh
- Floodwall
- Advantage: can be used in areas where space is limited.
- Disadvantage: they have to assembled very well so water doesn't get through
- Embankment
- Soft engineering
- Washland
- Advantages: very cost effective as nothing is built. Also provides natural wetlands for birds and plants.
- Disadvantages: Large areas are taken over and cannot be built on productive land, can be turned into Marshland.
- Floodplain zoning
- advantages; very cheap way of reducing the risk of damaging property.
- Disadvantages: There can be resistance to resisting developments in areas where there is storage of housing.
- Washland
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