RESEARCH METHODS - OBSERVATIONS
- Created by: xxxx0210
- Created on: 06-12-19 14:01
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- Observations
- Covert
- Advantages: No more demand characteristic More natural arrangement : high ecological validity
- Disadvantages; unethical
- participants are unware they are being observed
- Overt
- participants aware they are being observed
- Advantages ; ethical informed consent
- Disadvantages demand characteristic
- Structured
- observers decide what behaviours they are looking for and advise a fixed checklist
- Advantages: easy to analyse and assess what's going on
- Disadvantage; open to researcher bias
- Unstructured
- Advanatges; detailed notes on PPs behaviour
- Disadvantages ; difficult to compare qualitative data
- observer just records all actions of participant
- Event sampling
- advantages catches all behaviour you are looking for useful when behaviours recorded only happens occasionaly
- disadvantages difficult to concentrate for long periods of time
- observes have a predetermined fixed checklist of behaviours to look out for and observe the whole event
- time sampling
- observers watch for set periods of time between set intervals of time
- advantages more focused on only watching for short time
- disadvantages may miss interesting behaviours
- participant observation
- observer takes part in the action they're observing
- advantages more natural arrangement insight into people behaviour
- difficult to take notes researcher may become to involved researcher bias
- non-participant
- observer does not take part
- researcher can take notes easily and there is less influence on peoples behaviour
- disadvantages less natural environment
- Laboratory experiments
- carried out in controlled setting
- easily replicated high levels of control over extraneous varialbes
- lacks ecological validity
- field expirement
- carried out in natural environment
- easier to generalise findings IV can be manipulated
- time consuming
- quasi-experiment
- carried out in lab or field and doesn't affect variables
- more ethical as participants not manipulated
- have to wait for IV to occur naturally
- extraneous variables
- pp variables; individual differences between pps
- removes participants variables n each pp tested in both conditions
- order effects need to be controlled
- Covert
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