Research Issues
- Created by: Hope Healy
- Created on: 08-01-23 11:15
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- Research Issues
- Extraneous variables
- Additional, unwanted variables that might potentially interfere with the IV (or the DV).
- Should be controlled or removed and, where possible, are identified at the start of the study by the researcher who then takes steps to minimise their influence.
- Confounding variables
- Change systematically with the IV, which means we can’t be sure of the true cause of the change in the DV.
- Demand characteristics
- Participant reactivity is when participants from the start of the experiment are trying to figure out what’s going on in this new situation they find themselves in.
- Refer to any cue the researcher or the research situation may give which makes the participant feel like they can guess the aim of the situation.
- This can cause the participant to act differently within the research situation from how they would usually act.
- ‘Please-U’ effect
- They may act in a way they think the researcher wants them to.
- ‘Screw-U’ effect
- They may intentionally underperform to sabotage the study’s results.
- This unnatural behaviour then affects the validity of the results.
- ‘Please-U’ effect
- This can cause the participant to act differently within the research situation from how they would usually act.
- Investigator effects
- Refers to any unwanted influence from the researcher’s behaviour, either conscious or unconscious, on the DV measured (the research’s results).
- Includes a variety of factors - the design of the study, the selection of participants and the interaction with each participants during the research investigation.
- Randomisation
- The use of chance to reduce the effects of bias from investigator effects.
- Can be done for the design of materials, deciding the order of conditions, the selection of participants etc.
- Standardisation
- Using the exact same formalised procedures and instructions for every single participant involved in the research process.
- Eliminates non-standardised instructions as being possible extraneous variables.
- Extraneous variables
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