Reported speech

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  • REPORTED SPEECH
    • change of personal pronouns
    • verb tenses
      • had done, had been doing, to do, doing, would do -> no change !
      • will, shall -> would
      • conditionals
        • probable conditional (if + present) -> change tenses
        • improbable and impossible conditionals  -> no change
      • would, should, ought to -> no change
      • modal verbs
        • could, might, could have done, might have done, must have done, had better to, would rather do
    • adverbs of time and place
      • now -> then       today ->  that day
      • here -> there     this -> that these->those  come -> go
    • No comma
      • "and that"
      • ", and added that"             ", but that"
      • conditional sentences
    • REPORTED STATEMENTS
      • add, think, claim -> no "to ..."
      • tell, promise me/you/... -> no "to..."
    • REPORTED ORDERS
      • (negative) imperative -> (negative) infinitive
      • say -> tell
      • scream "at"   shout "at"
    • REPORTED QUESTIONS
      • with interrogative pronoun (who, which,...)
        • no coma, no inversion, no question mark

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