Reasons for differences in attainment
- Created by: Lilly_G
- Created on: 22-05-18 07:51
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- Reasons for differences in attainment
- Improved Girls
- The Job Market
- reduce avaliability of trad w/c manual jobs, ^ of job opps 4 women in service sector.
- ^ incentive for women to gain qualifications
- reduce avaliability of trad w/c manual jobs, ^ of job opps 4 women in service sector.
- Female Expectations
- Sue Sharpe (1976) - girls priorities - 'love, marriage, husbands , children, jobs'
- Repeated 1994 - 'job, career and being able to support themselves'
- Francis and Skelton (2005) - careers are seen as crucial to female identity not just a 'stop gap' before marriage
- Repeated 1994 - 'job, career and being able to support themselves'
- Sue Sharpe (1976) - girls priorities - 'love, marriage, husbands , children, jobs'
- Behaviour
- Burns and Bracey 2001
- girls work harder ^ motivated
- Spend more time on homework
- Care with presentation of work
- Boys not prepared to redraft assignments
- Burns and Bracey 2001
- Changes in the organisation of ed
- Pirie (2001) - O-Level was a boy's exam 'high risk, swot it all up for the final throw'
- A Levels require organisational skills and motivation which girls are better at
- Myhill 99 - However, English also contains an unseen element and girls still outperform boys
- Pirie (2001) - O-Level was a boy's exam 'high risk, swot it all up for the final throw'
- Better socialisation
- Hannan (2000) girls spend their leisure time differently
- girls communicate benefiting language skills
- Kirby (2000) Decline in family discussion time
- Disadvantaging boys to keep up with language skills
- Edmunds and Davifd - Girls better language skills than boys - mothers talk to baby girls more frequently than baby boys. Girls are taught by their parents to conform to more formal standards of behaviour than boys, reflecting what is expected in the classroom. For example, at home, they are taught to sit still, to be quiet, to read and to listen.
- Hannan (2000) girls spend their leisure time differently
- Feminism
- = opps - approaches were monitored for sex bias
- Single sex classes for sex ed
- Boys are aware of unacceptablilty of sexism in schools
- Weiner (1995) - teachers ^ forcefully challenging stereptypes - sexist images removed from learning materials
- Best 93 and Abraham 96 - women continue to be presented as passive in a range of domestic jobs whilst men are shown as sporty, running a business
- Wilkinson 'genderquake' - changes in their attitudes and expectations about their futures, compared with those of their mothers and grandmothers. Most teenage girls are committed to education and qualifications, and aspire to careers and economic independence.
- = opps - approaches were monitored for sex bias
- The Job Market
- Underachievement of boys
- Changes in Job Market status/frustration
- Mac an Ghaill (1994) - 'crisis of masculinity'
- Soicalised to think their identity will be the main breadwinner
- Decline in manual jobs and ^ of unemployment - unlikely men will take these roles
- w/c boys - no hobs, what is the point?
- Service ector jobs suit women - desk work
- w/c boys - no hobs, what is the point?
- Decline in manual jobs and ^ of unemployment - unlikely men will take these roles
- Soicalised to think their identity will be the main breadwinner
- Mac an Ghaill (1994) - 'crisis of masculinity'
- Social control differences
- Mitsos and Browne 98
- teachers have lower expectations of boys
- late and rushed work, disruptive
- Primary schools female oritentated with focus on tidiness
- late and rushed work, disruptive
- teachers have lower expectations of boys
- Mitsos and Browne 98
- Unrealistic aspirations
- Francis 2000 - boys are unrealistic and unacdemic when picking careers
- Professional footballers
- Francis 2000 - boys are unrealistic and unacdemic when picking careers
- Changes in Job Market status/frustration
- Laddish behaviour and peer-groups
- Willis (1977) - fatalistic accepting school failure and developed anti-school coping strategies
- gaining status through peers instead - similar to Cohen
- Underachievement of boys
- Changes in Job Market status/frustration
- Mac an Ghaill (1994) - 'crisis of masculinity'
- Soicalised to think their identity will be the main breadwinner
- Decline in manual jobs and ^ of unemployment - unlikely men will take these roles
- w/c boys - no hobs, what is the point?
- Service ector jobs suit women - desk work
- w/c boys - no hobs, what is the point?
- Decline in manual jobs and ^ of unemployment - unlikely men will take these roles
- Soicalised to think their identity will be the main breadwinner
- Mac an Ghaill (1994) - 'crisis of masculinity'
- Social control differences
- Mitsos and Browne 98
- teachers have lower expectations of boys
- late and rushed work, disruptive
- Primary schools female oritentated with focus on tidiness
- late and rushed work, disruptive
- teachers have lower expectations of boys
- Mitsos and Browne 98
- Unrealistic aspirations
- Francis 2000 - boys are unrealistic and unacdemic when picking careers
- Professional footballers
- Francis 2000 - boys are unrealistic and unacdemic when picking careers
- Changes in Job Market status/frustration
- Willis (1977) - fatalistic accepting school failure and developed anti-school coping strategies
- Improved Girls
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