Postmodernity and Religion
- Created by: BWards18
- Created on: 24-05-17 20:50
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- Postmodernity and Religion
- Grace Davie - 'Believing without Belonging'
- Religion is not declining, simply changing form to a privatised way
- Attendance to church is a matter of personal choice rather than obligation
- Creating a 'Believing without Belonging' situation - people hold religious beliefs but don't go to church
- However, people still use the church for rituals and rites of passage
- Criticism - Statistics how church attendance and religious beliefs are both down
- Hervieur - Leger - 'Spiritual Shopping'
- Young people feel they don't have a fixed religious identity due to the decline in church attendance rates
- Cosumerism has replaced tradition so now people feel they have a choice as consumers of religion - becoming 'Spiritual Shopper'
- We can now fit religion around your life and individual preferences
- You can take elements from religions and design your own religion
- Two types of religious types ......
- Pilgrims - Follow an individual path for self-discovery
- Converts - Join religious groups that have a strong sense of belonging
- Lyon - 'Jesus in Disneyland'
- Can now get instant access to remote religions due to globalisation
- Religion becomes disembodied - the media lift them out of their original local contexts and move them to a different place and time
- E.g. Televangelism in the USA taking religion out of churches
- Religion becomes disembodied - the media lift them out of their original local contexts and move them to a different place and time
- Religion Is becoming 'de-industrailised' - where signs and images are detached from their place in religious institutions
- Loss of faith in meta narratives -theiries for worldwide views that claim to have absolute truth
- Including traditional religions
- Criticisms - Lacks evidence for other religious alternatives - doesn't attract new entrants
- Can now get instant access to remote religions due to globalisation
- Stark and Bainbridge - 'Religious Market Theory'
- Based on two assumptions ....
- People are naturally religious and religion meets human needs
- Its human nature to weigh up costs and rewards
- Propose a cycle of religious decline, revival and renewal, so sects and cults involve when religion declines
- Criticisms - BRUCE argue that diversity has been achieved by religious decline in Europe and America
- NORRIS and INGLEHART shows high levels of participation in Catholic/Mo poly countries
- Criticisms - BRUCE argue that diversity has been achieved by religious decline in Europe and America
- Competition leads to improvements in the quality go religious 'goods' on offer
- Church attains brand loyalty through making their products look attractive - need religious oligopoly not religious monopoly
- Based on two assumptions ....
- Norris and Inglehart - Existenial Security Theory
- Religiousity varied between societies due to different degrees ion existential security
- The feeling that survival is secure enough that it can be taken for granted
- Religion meets a need for security for therefore needed more in low income countries
- In Western Europe there is secularisation due to them being more secure
- In the United States they are very religious as its the most unequal society with high levels of insecurity
- Criticisms - Only use quantitative data and ignore positive reasons for religious participation
- Religiousity varied between societies due to different degrees ion existential security
- Grace Davie - 'Believing without Belonging'
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