AS Psychology Psychodynamic approach
- Created by: IrishEllie98
- Created on: 02-04-15 21:40
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- The Psychodynamic approach
- Basic assumptions
- Unconscious processes, of which we are unaware, determine our behaviour
- Instincts motivate our behaviour and energise the mind
- Childhood experiences determine adult personality
- Personality has three parts
- ID
- Ego
- Superego
- Freud's pychosexual stages of development
- Oral
- Infants pleasure centres around the mouth
- anal
- The child gains pleasure from retention and expulsion of faeces
- phallic
- The sexual instinct is focused on the genital area
- latent
- The sexual drive is present, albeit dormant. Freud stated that the sexual energy is focused on peer friendships, school
- genital
- Sexual interests mature and are directed to gaining heterosexual pleasure through intercourse
- Oral
- Defence mechanisms
- Denial
- Reducing anxiety by refusing to see the unpleasant aspects of reality
- Displacement
- The mind redirects emotions from a dangerous object to a safe object, that is redirecting emotions to a safer outlet
- Rationalisation
- constructing a logical justification for a decision that was originally arrived at through a different mental process
- Sublimation
- The refocusing or channelling of impulses to socially accepted behaviours
- Denial
- Evaluation
- Strength
- Freud acknowledged the importance of childhood experiences in determining adult personality
- Freud's theories offer casual explanations for underlying atypical psychological conditions
- Freud's methods of psychoanalysis are still used in psychiatry today
- Weakness
- Freud's theories are considered to be unfalsifiable and therefore unscientific
- Use of the case study method lacks generalisability
- Freud's controversial idea that infants display a sexual urge has received enormous criticism
- The effectiveness of psychoanalysis as a therapy is questioned in comparison to the proportion of patients who recover spontaneously from atypical disorders
- Strength
- Basic assumptions
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