Proteins
- Created by: N1ntendo-Sw1tch
- Created on: 27-02-23 19:14
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- Proteins
- Function
- Structural
- Main component of body tissues like muscles, skin, ligaments and hair
- Catalytic
- all enzymes are proteins, catalysing many biochemical reactions
- Signaling
- Many hormones and receptors are proteins
- Immunological
- all antibodies are proteins
- Structural
- Monomer = amino acids
- Dipeptides
- two amino acids joined together
- Joined by a peptide bond
- Polypeptides
- many amino acids joined to form a chain
- Joined by peptide bonds
- Levels of protein structure
- Primary (long chain)
- number, sequence and order of amino acids in the polypeptide chain (governed by order of DNA bases)
- Bonds = peptide bonds
- chain constructed at ribosome
- Secondary
- Folding of the polypeptide chain into alpha helixes and beta pleated sheets
- Bonds = peptide and hydrogen
- Tertiary
- Interaction of the R groups folding the chain into a 3D structure
- Bonds = peptide, hydrogen, Di-sulphide, hydrophobic, ionic and VDW
- Quaternary
- interaction of more than one polypeptide chain
- Bonds = peptide, hydrogen, Di-sulphide, hydrophobic, ionic and VDW
- Primary (long chain)
- Types of protein structure
- Fibrous 'elongated'
- formed from parallel polypeptide chains held together by cross links
- Form long rope like fibres, with high tensile strength and are generally insoluble in water
- E.g. Collagen + Keratin
- Globular
- Usually have a spherical shape caused by tightly folded polypeptide chains
- Chains are usually folded so that hydrophobic groups are on the inside + hydrophobic on the outside
- Many soluble in water
- E.g haemoglobin and all enzymes
- Fibrous 'elongated'
- Function
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