Polysaccharides
Examples and uses of polysaccharides in plants and animals as storage and structural components
- Created by: TayaMairead
- Created on: 30-10-13 21:34
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- Polysaccharides
- Polymers
- Made up of monomers- 3 or more
- Smallest polysaccharide is made up of 3 monosaccharide monomers
- mainly made up of thousands of monomers
- gives them a massive size and makes them insoluble
- Gives them either a storage of structural function
- gives them a massive size and makes them insoluble
- molecules linked together by glycosidic bonds
- chemical link
- Made up of monomers- 3 or more
- Why is being insoluble in water important?
- No osmotic effect on cells
- large molecules so can't diffuse out of cells
- Don't taste sweet (starch)
- Compact- increased storage of glucose for energy release
- Examples of Polysaccharides
- Storage (alpha glucose)
- animals
- Structure (beta glucose)
- plants
- Cellulose
- Most important component of the cell wall
- gives the plant rigidity and high tensile strength to prevent cells from bursting
- glucose monomers form long straight chains
- each molecule rotated 180 degrees from the previous one
- allows hydrogen bonds to form cross links between the OH groups of neighbouring chains
- each molecule rotated 180 degrees from the previous one
- Cellulose Fibre
- Thousands of cellulose polymers link together by hydrogen bonds
- These form cellulose microfibrils embedded in a polysaccharide matrix
- many fibrils group together to form Cellulose Fibre
- These form cellulose microfibrils embedded in a polysaccharide matrix
- Large number of hydrogen bonds between adjacent parallel chains give stability
- Cell wall built up of many running in different directions
- Most important component of the cell wall
- gives the plant rigidity and high tensile strength to prevent cells from bursting
- Most important component of the cell wall
- Thousands of cellulose polymers link together by hydrogen bonds
- Most important component of the cell wall
- Cellulose
- animals
- Chitin
- Similar to Cellulose
- one of the OH groups of each monosaccharide is replaced by an amino acid
- forms a mucopolysaccharide
- strong
- waterproof
- light weight
- forms a mucopolysaccharide
- exoskeleton of insects
- Chitin
- plants
- Storage (alpha glucose)
- Polymers
- Glycogen
- animals
- storage carbohydrate found in liver and muscle
- 1-4 and 1-6 glycosidic bonds
- makes it more branched because animals need more energy as they have more functions
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