Plate Tectonics & Associated Hazards
- Created by: lauren.glendenning
- Created on: 17-04-16 10:20
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- Plate Tectonics & Associated Hazards
- Wegner
- 1912
- Proposed theory that there was only one continent
- 300 million years ago
- Pangea - which was a super continent
- Later Pangea split into two continents
- South Continent - Gondwanaland
- North Continent -Laurasia
- Later Pangea split into two continents
- Key Terms
- Hot Spot
- Point on the Earth's surface located above a plume of rising magma
- Hawaiian Islands
- Point on the Earth's surface located above a plume of rising magma
- Plate
- The lithosphere is divided into a number of segments which float on an underlying semi-molten mantle and moved by convection currents
- Plate Tectonics
- Theory that attempts to explain the formation and distribution of the Earth's major structural features
- In terms of a series of plates which make up the Earth's surface
- Theory that attempts to explain the formation and distribution of the Earth's major structural features
- Seismic Waves
- Shock waves released by the rupture of rock strata at the focus of an earthquake
- They travel through the rocks and are measured and recorded on a seismic graph
- Shock waves released by the rupture of rock strata at the focus of an earthquake
- Tsunami
- Very large sea waves caused by a very shallow focus underwater earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, debris slides and land slides under water
- Volcano
- An opening or vent through which magma, molten rock, ash or volatiles erupt onto the Earth's surface
- Hot Spot
- The Earth's layers
- The Core
- Made up of dense rocks containing iron and nickel alloys.
- Divided into solid inner core and molten outer core
- With a temperature of over 5,000 degrees Celcius
- Divided into solid inner core and molten outer core
- Made up of dense rocks containing iron and nickel alloys.
- The Mantle
- Made up of molten and semi-molten rocks containing lighter elements
- e.g. Silicon and Oxygen
- Made up of molten and semi-molten rocks containing lighter elements
- The Crust
- Made up of even lighter elements
- e.g. silicon, oxygen, aluminium, potassium and sodium
- Varies in thickness
- Below the continents
- 30-40km thick
- Below the ocean
- 6-10 km thick
- Below the highest mountain ranges
- Up to 70km thick
- Below the continents
- Varies in thickness
- e.g. silicon, oxygen, aluminium, potassium and sodium
- Made up of even lighter elements
- The upper mantle is divided into two layers
- The lithosphere
- Consists of the crust and rigid upper section of the mantle
- Is approx. 80-90km thick
- Its divided into 7 large plates and a number of smaller ones
- Plates are divided into two categories
- Continental
- Untitled
- Plates are divided into two categories
- Its divided into 7 large plates and a number of smaller ones
- Is approx. 80-90km thick
- Consists of the crust and rigid upper section of the mantle
- The asthenosphere
- Untitled
- The lithosphere
- The Core
- Wegner
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