Plate Tectonics

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  • Plate Tectonics
    • Core (approx. 2000km thick)
      • Inner Core- solid ball containing lots of iron and nickle
      • Outer Core- semi molten ball containing lots of iron and nickle
    • Mantle (approx. 3000km thick)
      • Made of silicate rocks
      • Near the core the mantle is quite rigid
      • Above that there is the ASTHENOSPHERE which is semi molten and flows
      • Very top is ridgid
    • Crust
      • The rigid top part of the mantle and the crust together are called the LITHOSPHERE
        • Lithosphere is divided into slabs called tectonic plates
          • Move due to convection currents in the asthenosphere
            • Plates meet at boundaries or plate margins
      • Continental crust is thicker and less dense (30-70km thick)
      • Oceanic crust is thinner and more dense (6-10km thick)
    • Movement of Tectonic Plates due to convection currents
      • Radioactive decay of some elements in the mantle and core generates a lot of heat
      • When the lower parts of the asthenosphere heats up they become less dense and slowly rise
      • As they move towards the top they cool down and become more dense so they slowly sink
      • These circular movements of semi-molten rock are called convection currents
      • Convection currents create drag on the base of the tectonic plates and this causes them to move
    • Creating Crust
      • Rising convection currents diverge at the base of the lithosphere this causes the plates to move apart too
      • Magma rises up then cools to form a new crust
      • Over time this crust is dragged apart and more new crust forms
      • When this happens at a plate margin under the sea the sea floor gets wider - sea floor spreading
      • it creates structures called mid-ocean ridges

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