Plant Oils

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  • Plant Oils
    • Emulsifers
      • Oils don't dissolve in water
      • eg salad dressings, ice creams, cosmetics and paints.
      • Hydrophilic head = Attracted to water
      • Hydrophobic Tail = Repels water
      • Emulsions are thicker than oil or water
      • Give things better texture, coating ability and appearance
    • Saturated fats (solid)
      • Animal fats eg butter, lard
      • Higher melting point
      • Less healthy
      • No colour change in bromine water
      • No double bond
    • Unsaturated Fats (oils, liquids)
      • Plants eg vegtable oil
      • Lower melting point
      • More healthy
      • Double bond
      • Turns bromine water colourless
    • Hardening Unsaturated fats
      • React with hydrogen in the presence of a nickel catalyst at about 60 °C.
        • Hydrogen adds to the carbon–carbon double bonds.
      • hydrogenated oils have higher melting points so they are solids at room temperature
        • Useful as spreads
    • Vegetable Oils
      • Oil can be extracted from some fruits, seeds and nuts
      • 1) Fruits/ seeds/ nuts crushed and the pulp squeezed out
        • 2) The oil is then removed by pressing (eg. olive oil) or is dissolved in a solvent and then solvent removed by distillation (eg sunflower oil)
      • Vegetable oils are important nutrients and provide a lot of energy
      • They have higher boiling points than water.
        • Food cooked in vegetable oils cook faster than if they were boiled
        • Foods cooked in vegetable oils have different flavours than if they were boiled
          • Increases the energy that the food releases when it is eaten (more calories)
            • Food cooked in vegetable oils cook faster than if they were boiled
      • Uses: cooking, cosmetics and biofules

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