polymers of life
- Created by: TMshortie
- Created on: 02-06-17 10:06
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- PL 1-6
- PL.1/2-The Polyester Story
- Systematic nomenclature
- carboxyl functional group (-COOH).
- (C(=O)OH).[
- '-oic acid'
- Cyclic carboxylic acids that are saturated are called cycloalkane carboxylic acids
- carboxyl functional group (-COOH).
- Chemical reactions with carboxylic acids
- Boiling points increase as chain lengths increase
- Polymers are multiple monomer repeating units chemically bonded together
- Systematic nomenclature
- PL.3/4-The Nylon Story
- Amino Group
- The simplest, and smallest, amino acid found in proteins is glycine for which the R-group is a hydrogen
- An amino acid has both a basic amine group and an acidic carboxylic acid group.
- Amines
- Primary amines
- only one of the hydrogen atoms in the ammonia molecule has been replaced.
- Secondary amines
- two of the hydrogens in an ammonia molecule have been replaced by hydrocarbon groups
- Tertiary Amines
- three of the hydrogen atoms in the ammonia molecule have been replaced by hydrocarbon groups
- Primary amines
- Amides
- contain the -CONH2 group
- The melting points of the amides are high for the size of the molecules because they can form hydrogen bonds
- small amides are soluble in water because they have the ability to hydrogen bond with the water molecules
- Amino Group
- PL.5-Breaking down polymers
- Hydrolysis of esters
- The reaction with pure water is so slow that it is never used
- Reactions are reversible
- the ester is heated under reflux with a dilute acid like dilute hydrochloric acid or dilute sulphuric acid.
- The ester is heated under reflux with a dilute alkali like sodium hydroxide solution.
- This reaction is one way
- The reaction with pure water is so slow that it is never used
- Hydrolysis of amides
- involves reaction with hydroxide ions
- If you add sodium hydroxide solution to an unknown organic compound, and it gives off ammonia on heating (but not immediately in the cold), then it is an amide.
- turns red litmus paper blue.
- Hydrolysis of esters
- PL.6-What are proteins?
- Primary structure
- A chain of amino acids
- Secondary Structure
- The amino acid chain is linked together by hydrogen bonds
- Tertiary Struture
- certain attractions are present between alpha helixes and beta pleated sheets
- Quaternary Structure
- Untitled
- Primary structure
- PL.1/2-The Polyester Story
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