Phobias
- Created by: balloonhipster
- Created on: 16-06-20 14:40
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- Phobia
- Main types
- Specific Phobia
- Social Phobia
- Agoraphobia
- Extreme fear leading to intense anxiety
- Can lead to avoidance of object/ situation
- Characteristic
- Emotional
- Fear
- Anxiety
- Behavioural
- Panic
- Freezing, running, crying
- Avoidance
- Panic
- Cognitive
- Selective attention
- Irrational beliefs
- Emotional
- Explanations (Two- Process Model)
- Learning phobia by Classical Conditioning
- NS+UCS=CS
- Maintaining phobia by Operant Conditioning
- Positive Reinforce-ment
- Negative Reinforce-ment
- Evaluation
- Watson and Rayner
- Can't be generalised to every phobia
- Evolutionary factors have a role in phobias
- Menzies and Clarke
- Only 2% of children with water phobias had a conditioning effect with water
- Watson and Rayner
- Learning phobia by Classical Conditioning
- Treating Phobias
- Systematic De-sensitation
- Reduces the learned link between anxiety and the object/ situation
- Evaluation
- Prefered over flooding
- Gilroy compared 3 45 min SD with relaxation
- 3 months and 3 years SD group showed less fearful responses
- Ignores psychological issues
- Flooding
- Extreme exposure to phobic situation
- Evaluation
- Can be highly effective
- Kaplin- 65% showed no symptoms 4 years later after 1 flooding session
- Works quickly and cost effective
- Traumatic experience for phobics
- Ethical issues
- Less effective for social phobias
- Can be highly effective
- Systematic De-sensitation
- Main types
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